Concealed Carry & Firearms Safety Training Blog

Confidence Before Competence: Training Women for Real-World Self-Defense

Thu, 02 Apr 2026 16:12:22 Z

In my experience as a firearms instructor, one thing is clear: women don’t need more information first; they need confidence with firearms.

If a woman is afraid of the firearm in her hands, she’s not going to be able to learn how to use it effectively. That fear creates hesitation, and hesitation in a defensive situation is something we can’t afford.

Most women who come to train aren’t there for recreation. They’re there because they feel a responsibility—to protect themselves, and often, their children. That mindset is very different from what we typically see with male students, who are more likely to have been introduced to firearms through sport or a hobby.

That difference matters. And as instructors, we need to teach accordingly.

What Is the Best Way to Train Women in Firearms?

The most effective way to train women in firearms is to build confidence before focusing on performance. Starting with low-pressure, hands-on learning helps reduce fear, improve retention, and create a strong foundation for skill development.

How to Train Women in Firearms Effectively

If you want to reach more female students, you have to understand what’s bringing them in the door.

Women are often walking into class with:

Fear of the unknown
Fear of doing something wrong
Fear of the firearm itself

They’re not just learning a skill—they’re stepping into something completely unfamiliar, and often uncomfortable.

As instructors, our job is to meet them there—not push past it.

Why Confidence Comes Before Competence in Firearms Training

Before we focus on speed, accuracy, or performance, we have to build a foundation of confidence. This approach is especially important in beginner firearms training, where early experiences shape long-term confidence.

One of the most effective ways I do this is by removing the immediate pressure of live fire. I start students by learning to manipulate the firearm using snap caps. This allows them to:

Get comfortable handling the firearm
Learn basic mechanics without fear
Build familiarity in a low-stress environment

Once that fear starts to fade, their ability to actually learn increases dramatically.

Confidence opens the door to competence.

You can search for basic pistol shooting classes or private lessons at ShootingClasses.com/TheGirlBehindTheGun/

What Many Instructors Get Wrong

A common mistake instructors make is jumping too quickly into live fire or assuming that all students start from the same baseline.

What works for someone already comfortable around firearms does not work for someone who is not.

If a student is overwhelmed or intimidated early on, you risk shutting them down completely. And when that happens, they’re far less likely to return for future training.

Training Beyond the Firearm

Another critical piece that often gets overlooked is this:

A firearm is not the only tool for self-defense.

In my training, I emphasize situational awareness just as much as firearm handling. When women learn how to:

Recognize potential threats early
Stay aware of their surroundings
Make proactive decisions

They significantly reduce the likelihood that they’ll ever need to draw a firearm in the first place.

That’s real-world preparedness.

Look for situational awareness seminars at ShootingClasses.com/TheGirlBehindTheGun/

How Women Can Choose the Right Firearms Instructor

If you’re teaching women, remember this:

Slow down more than you think you need to
Focus on comfort before performance
Create an environment where questions are welcomed, not judged
Understand that confidence is the foundation of everything else

You’re not just teaching mechanics—you’re shaping how someone feels about their ability to protect themselves.

Advice for Women Looking for Training

If you’re a woman looking for a firearms class, pay attention to how an instructor approaches beginners.

Look for someone who:

Takes time to build your confidence
Explains the “why,” not just the “how”
Doesn’t rush you into live fire before you’re ready
Incorporates real-world awareness, not just range skills

Find firearms training designed for your comfort level and goals at ShootingClasses.com/TheGirlBehindTheGun will make you feel capable—not intimidated.

Why This Matters

When women are trained in a way that builds confidence first, everything changes.

They become more engaged.
They retain more information.
They’re more likely to continue training.

And most importantly, they become more prepared.

Every woman deserves to feel confident, capable, and in control when she trains.

This is the foundation of training with The Girl Behind The Gun; we offer one-on-one firearms training at the student’s pace, group classes, and hold seminars showing students they can protect themselves confidently.

https://thegirlbehindthegun.com/contact-us/

Dry Fire Training: How to Practice Safely & Improve

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 12:55:26 Z

Mastering the Fundamentals: How to Dry Fire, Why It Matters, and the Tools That Elevate Your Training

In the world of firearms training, few techniques are as powerful—and as underutilized—as dry firing. Whether you’re a brand-new shooter building confidence or an experienced one refining performance, dry fire training offers a safe, cost-effective, and highly efficient way to improve your skills.

At its core, dry firing is the practice of operating your firearm without live ammunition to improve shooting skills. But when done correctly and consistently, it becomes one of the most valuable tools in your training routine.

What Is Dry Fire Training?

Dry firing simply means practicing shooting mechanics without ammunition. This includes working on:

Trigger press
Sight alignment and sight picture
Grip and stance
Draw and presentation
Reloads and malfunction clearing

Because there’s no recoil or report, dry fire training allows you to isolate and refine each movement without distraction.

How to Dry Fire Safely and Effectively

Safety always comes first. Do not ignore the firearm safety rules! Every dry fire session should begin with a deliberate and consistent safety process:

1. Clear Your Firearm

Remove all ammunition from the room.
Lock the slide or open the action.
Visually and physically inspect the chamber, magazine well, and breech face.

2. Choose a Safe Direction

Always point the firearm in a safe direction, even during dry fire.
Use a designated “dry fire wall” if possible.

3. Set a Training Goal

Don’t just go through the motions. Focus on a specific skill, such as trigger control or draw stroke.
Use your cellphone to video yourself working on a drill and really study the playback, looking for improvements you can make.

4. Start Slow

Precision matters more than speed in dry fire.
Build correct habits first—speed will come later.

5. Use a Target

A small aiming point on the wall helps develop focus and consistency.

6. Follow Through

After the trigger press, hold your sights on target.
This reinforces proper trigger control and reduces anticipation.

How Often Should You Practice Dry Fire Training?

Even 5–10 minutes of consistent dry fire practice daily can significantly improve accuracy, confidence, and firearm handling skills over time.

The Benefits of Dry Fire Training

Dry fire is one of the most efficient ways to build skill. Here’s why:

1. Builds Confidence

Especially for newer shooters, removing the noise and recoil helps reduce fear and hesitation. Confidence grows quickly when the environment feels controlled.

2. Improves Trigger Control

Most shooting errors stem from poor trigger manipulation. Dry fire allows you to perfect a smooth, consistent press without disruption.

3. Reinforces Muscle Memory

Repetition creates automaticity. The more you practice correct movements, the more natural they become under stress.

4. Saves Time and Money

No range fees. No ammunition costs. You can train daily in just a few minutes.

5. Enhances Situational Awareness Training

Dry fire can be paired with movement, decision-making, and environmental awareness—skills that are just as critical as marksmanship.

Advantages of Using Dry Fire Training Tools

While dry fire can be done with just your firearm, modern tools can accelerate your progress and provide valuable feedback. Here are some examples: www.mantisx.com/ref?id=481

Laser Training Devices

These are inserted into your firearm and emit a laser when the trigger is pressed.

Immediate visual feedback on where your shot would have landed
Great for tracking consistency and accuracy

Snap Caps / Dummy Rounds

Used to safely cycle the firearm and practice reloads or malfunction drills.

Protects the firing pin in some firearms
Allows realistic manipulation training

Dry Fire Training Systems & Apps

Some systems pair laser devices with smartphone apps or targets. See the tools in action here: www.mantisx.com/ref?id=481

Track shot placement and timing
Provide structured drills and progress tracking

Shot Timers

Even without live fire, timers can add performance pressure.

Helps build efficiency in draw and reload drills
Introduces accountability and measurable improvement

Why Dry Fire Should Be Part of Your Routine

If your goal is to become more confident, capable, and prepared, dry fire training is not optional—it’s essential between range sessions. It allows you to train intentionally, correct mistakes early, and build a solid foundation without the stress of live fire.

For many shooters—especially those focused on personal defense—dry fire is where confidence is built. When you trust your ability to safely and effectively handle your firearm, everything else improves.

Final Thoughts

Dry fire training bridges the gap between knowledge and performance. It allows you to slow down, focus, and truly understand your mechanics.

Whether you’re training for personal protection, competition, or skill development, incorporating dry fire into your routine will make you more efficient, more confident, and ultimately more prepared.

Consistent, intentional practice (in as little as 10 minutes a day) is what separates average from exceptional—and dry fire is where that journey begins.

Innocence in Self-Defense Law Explained

Wed, 18 Mar 2026 11:04:53 Z

the law of self-defense: element 1 - innocence

In my previous article titled What's Your Self-Defense IQ? I mentioned that five elements compose a lawful self-defense claim. These are as follows:

Innocence
Imminence
Proportionality
Avoidance
Reasonableness

These elements are cumulative, meaning that you must have all five elements in your favor (unless one or more of them are legally waived) to achieve a lawful self-defense claim. A defendant does not have to prove self-defense. A prosecutor must disprove self-defense. If a prosecutor can successfully attack and disprove any one of these five elements, then your self-defense claim is defeated in its entirety.

Self-defense is inherently an act of confession and avoidance. You are confessing to the underlying conduct (ie, “I shot him,” “I stabbed him,” or “I punched him,” etc.). You are admitting “I did it” but offering a legal justification (self-defense) for your actions to avoid any legal consequences, such as criminal charges and prosecution. If you lose your claim of self-defense, then all that is left is a confession. This is a walk-away conviction for the prosecution. Depending upon the criminal charge(s), you could face decades or life imprisonment if convicted.

Whether you own/carry a firearm or some other type of less-lethal weapon, I cannot stress enough how important it is to know and understand each of these five elements of the Law of Self Defense. As Attorney Andrew Branca from the Law of Self Defense, who is also an internationally recognized use of force and self-defense expert, states, you want to make yourself “hard to convict.”

How do you make yourself “hard to convict?”

It starts with personal commitment. You must take personal responsibility for the safety of yourself and your family. You must make a conscious decision that you are going to make a personal commitment to educate yourself on the five elements of the Law of Self Defense and become well-informed. You must adjust your mindset to refusing to become a “victim.”

You don’t have to be an attorney to understand general self-defense law – just a strong desire to know the legal boundaries so that if you are ever compelled to use defensive force in self-defense, you don’t find yourself being criminally charged by a prosecutor and facing the possibility of decades or perhaps life imprisonment if convicted by a jury in a criminal trial.

Those who are well-informed and educated on knowing the legal boundaries of self-defense respond lawfully, confidently, and decisively in the “moment of crisis.” Those who are not well-informed and educated on knowing the legal boundaries respond out of emotion (fear) and make poor choices in the “moment of crisis.” Therefore, they find themselves facing serious legal consequences.

How well do you think you would respond in the moment of crisis under stress? Will your decisions be based upon your education and training in self-defense, or will your decisions be based on fear and emotion?

Innocence – What is it?

Innocence, with respect to self-defense, should not be confused with innocent until proven guilty, as in a criminal trial. Nor should it be confused with being found “not guilty” in a criminal trial. If you are charged with a criminal offense, the law states that you are presumed innocent until found guilty “beyond a reasonable doubt” by a judge or jury in a criminal trial.

The element of Innocence, as it relates to self-defense, states that you must not be the initial aggressor in a conflict. Generally speaking, you must not be the first person to use force or threaten to use force. You must not forcibly sustain or escalate an altercation. In most states, mere words alone are not enough to make someone the initial aggressor; however, when coupled with an overt act, such as a weapon in hand together with threatening language, they can make you look like the initial aggressor.

If you are found to be the initial aggressor, you lose the element of Innocence in self-defense. Thus, you lose your self-defense claim in its entirety.

REMEMBER: As I previously mentioned, the five elements of the Law of Self Defense are cumulative. You must have all five elements in your favor (unless one or more of these are legally waived) to achieve a claim of lawful self-defense. Even if you have the remaining four elements all in your favor, if you lose the element of Innocence, you lose self-defense in its entirety. A prosecutor only has to disprove any one of these elements.

If you are charged criminally in a use-of-force event and claiming self-defense, you can be sure that a prosecutor is going to review the police investigative report, witness statements, and all other evidence to find the “weak spot” in your self-defense claim and attack it. A prosecutor is going to find where you are most vulnerable and will aggressively pursue a conviction on the criminal charge(s) against you.

In addition to being an “Initial aggressor,” there are several other ways in which you can lose the element of Innocence in self-defense. Let’s look at each of these individually:

Mutual Combatant:

You do not want to be someone who “runs to the fight.” Agreeing to accept an invitation to fight from another person will lose both of you the element of innocence, and neither person will be permitted to claim self-defense. As human beings, especially men, we don’t want to appear weak. We want to appear “macho” and maintain our sense of pride and dignity. If challenged to a fight, we let our emotions take over in the heat of the moment and willingly accept an invitation to fight another person, or we challenge the other person to a fight (“let’s take this outside and settle this like men”). In either scenario, this is considered a mutual combatant, and both individuals lose the element of Innocence and any lawful claim of self-defense.

Provoker with Intent:

Some states distinguish between an initial aggressor and a Provoker with Intent. A Provoker with Intent is someone who “baits” another person into throwing the first punch or using some other type of force so they will have an excuse to respond and claim they acted in self-defense (ie: ‘’Throw the first punch, I dare you!”). If you are found to be a Provoker with Intent you own that fight. You lose the element of Innocence and cannot claim lawful self-defense. There’s no coming back. You’ve crossed the “point of no return.”

I am reminded of a high-profile self-defense incident that originated in Frisco, Texas (April 2, 2025) and involved the fatal stabbing of 17-year-old Austin Metcalf by another 17-year-old identified as Karmelo Anthony. Karmelo Anthony was charged with first-degree murder and is claiming self-defense. The incident occurred at a high school track meet after a verbal confrontation between Metcalf and Anthony. He is currently awaiting trial.

Witnesses told police that Anthony was sitting under the opposing high school’s tent and was told to leave. Anthony allegedly told Metcalf, "touch me and see what happens," according to an arrest warrant affidavit. One witness told police that Metcalf then pushed Anthony to get him out of the tent. Anthony then reached into a bag, pulled out a knife, and stabbed Metcalf.

While it appears from the witness statements that Metcalf was the first person to use physical force by pushing Anthony, Anthony’s statement of “touch me and see what happens” could be reasonably construed as “baiting” Metcalf into a confrontation, thereby giving Anthony an excuse to use force in self-defense. In such a case, although Anthony appears not to be the initial aggressor in the confrontation, he would lose the element of Innocence if the State of Texas's self-defense laws distinguish between an initial aggressor and a Provoker with Intent.

Pursuit/Sustaining a Fight:

If another person is the initial aggressor and then voluntarily leaves the confrontation, it is important not to “rekindle” that fight. If you pursue the other person in an attempt to “rekindle” the fight, you will then be responsible for starting a second fight and will be considered the initial aggressor in the second fight. You lose the element of Innocence in the second fight and thus self-defense.

Can you regain the element of Innocence once you have lost it?

There are a couple of exceptions where you can regain Innocence even if you were the initial aggressor in a non-deadly force confrontation:

Withdrawal and Communication:

You must genuinely withdraw from the fight and must not re-engage. You must abandon the fight altogether – not retreat temporarily for a tactical advantage – and then decide to re-engage. You must effectively communicate your intention to withdraw from the fight. You can do this by your actions in running or walking away from the confrontation. The best way to communicate your withdrawal from a fight is verbally and do so loudly so that nearby witnesses hear your communication. Doing so verbally, while also attempting to walk or run away at the same time, is clear evidence to others of your intentions to withdraw from the fight.

Escalation of Force:

If you start a non-deadly force fight and the other person responds with the same amount of force, then your use of force is considered lawful. On the other hand, if you use non-deadly force upon the other person and that person responds with deadly force, then they are the aggressor in the second fight. Their use of force is considered disproportionate, and you would be privileged to respond with your own use of deadly force.

EXAMPLE: Jim punches Joe with his fist (non-deadly force). Joe becomes upset and displays a knife, threatening to kill Jim (deadly force). Jim, in response to Joe’s deadly force threat, shoots Joe. Jim was the initial aggressor in the first fight (fist punch); however, when Joe responded with deadly force instead of non-deadly force in response to Jim’s punch, that made Joe the initial aggressor in the second fight. Jim has regained the element of Innocence in self-defense under the law.

Key Takeaways on Innocence in Self-Defense

Generally speaking, you are allowed to use deadly force in response to a deadly force threat and non-deadly force in response to a non-deadly force threat. I will cover more on the use of force in self-defense under the element of Proportionality in a future article.

The element of Innocence is one of the building blocks of your self-defense claim. You want to appear as the “good guy” in any use-of-force event.

In summary, here are some takeaways to remember:

Don’t be the initial aggressor in a conflict.
Don’t be the first person to use or threaten force.
Don’t forcibly sustain or escalate an altercation.
Don’t “run to the fight” or accept a challenge to fight (Mutual Combatant),
Don’t provoke a fight as an excuse to use force against someone in self-defense (Provoker with Intent).
Don’t pursue an attacker who leaves a fight or attempt to “rekindle” a fight once it has stopped (Pursuit/Sustaining a Fight).

Source content for this article is derived largely in part from the following: Law of Self Defense Principles (Andrew F. Branca) Attorney at Law, internationally recognized self-defense, and use of force expert.

In the next article of this series, I will discuss the second element of the Law of Self Defense - Imminence. In this element, I will discuss when you can legally use defensive force in self-defense. I hope you will join me as we continue through each of the five elements of the Law of Self Defense!

What’s Your Self-Defense IQ?

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 10:50:03 Z

What you think you know about self-defense and what the law actually allows can be two very different things. If you carry a firearm, keep a defensive tool on you, or simply want to protect your family, you need to understand the legal boundaries of self-defense.

Self-Defense Is Your Right and Responsibility

Former United States President Ronald Reagan once said, “Self-defense is not only our right; it is our duty.”

People today are more concerned than ever about personal safety. Violent crime remains a serious concern in cities and local communities alike. Political and racial tensions continue to rise. Emotions run high, and it does not take much to trigger someone. Just listen to the daily news and you will quickly see the world can be dangerous. This is not Mayberry. Sheriff Taylor needs to wear a gun, and Deputy Barney Fife needs to keep his revolver fully loaded.

If you are suddenly facing an imminent threat or attack, you do not get to set the date or time. Your attacker does. Will you be ready if, and when, that happens? Taking responsibility for your personal safety includes knowing the legal boundaries of self-defense so you can respond lawfully and decisively in a moment of crisis.

Self-Defense Is a Lifestyle

As a civilian with former law enforcement experience, I am passionate about the study of lawful self-defense and I strongly support the Second Amendment. I dedicated my Facebook page to lawful self-defense and related topics because I want to help others become better educated and better prepared.

For me, self-defense is a lifestyle. I live it and practice it daily. You must be prepared for the physical battle as well as the legal battle that may follow. Your first priority is to survive the physical fight. If you lose the physical fight, everything else becomes insignificant.

A Diversified Self-Defense Toolbox Is Essential

As someone who lawfully carries a concealed firearm every day in my home state of North Carolina, I recognize the importance of also having less-lethal resources available for self-defense. When I carry my concealed firearm, I also carry less-lethal tools. This allows me to be prepared for a range of threats, whether deadly or non-deadly, and respond appropriately. A firearm is not a universal response for every self-defense encounter.

Relevant Training Is Necessary

Once you have a plan and know what self-defense tools you will carry, you must train in their use. You must build proficiency so you can respond decisively in a moment of crisis. What good is a firearm if you carry it but never go to the range to practice? What good are less-lethal resources such as pepper spray, pepper gel, or tasers if you do not practice and learn how to use them effectively? Threats happen suddenly. If you are attacked, you will not have time to think through every detail. You must be ready to act immediately. Once you prepare for the physical fight, you must prepare for the legal fight as well. Unfortunately, the legal fight is where many people fail to plan.

Benjamin Franklin said it best: “If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail.” If you are ever compelled to defend yourself from an imminent threat or attack, you will likely invoke self-defense as legal justification for your use of force. Whether your use of force was legally justified will be determined by the results of a police investigation, reviewed by a prosecutor, and ultimately decided by a judge or jury if criminal charges are filed.

If you used deadly force, you could potentially face charges such as murder, manslaughter, or aggravated assault, depending on the facts of the case. These are serious charges that can result in decades in prison, or even life imprisonment, if convicted.

Burden of Production

Regardless of the type of threat, you do not automatically have the right to argue self-defense in court. You must meet what is known as the Burden of Production. You are not required to produce a large amount of evidence, but you must provide enough evidence to support your self-defense claim. The judge or jury will then hear and weigh the evidence and render a verdict.

The 5 Elements of the Law of Self-Defense

You may believe you did everything right. You were the victim of an unprovoked attack. You did not do anything wrong. So how is it possible you could still be charged for defending yourself?

Because what you think you know about self-defense and what the law actually requires can be two entirely different things.

The legal doctrine of self-defense is not simple. For a self-defense claim to be deemed lawful, there are five elements that will be evaluated by a prosecutor. These five elements are cumulative, meaning all five must be in your favor (unless one or more are legally waived). For example, Avoidance may be waived in a Stand Your Ground state. These five elements are the foundation of a lawful self-defense claim. If a prosecutor can disprove even one of them, your self-defense claim collapses.

So what are the five elements of the Law of Self-Defense?

Innocence: You must not be the initial aggressor in a confrontation.
Imminence: The threat must be happening now or immediately about to happen.
Proportionality: The force you use must not be greater than the force you are defending against.
Avoidance: Do you live in a Stand Your Ground state or a Duty to Retreat state?
Reasonableness: Your actions and decisions must be both subjectively and objectively reasonable.

Make Yourself Hard to Convict

There is a fine line between the lawful use of force and a jail cell. Make sure you know the legal boundaries of self-defense so you do not risk spending decades in prison, or even life imprisonment. Self-defense laws vary from state to state. Always check the laws in your state so you understand the legal boundaries in your jurisdiction.

Source content for this article is derived largely from the book Law of Self Defense Principles by Andrew F. Branca, Attorney at Law, an internationally recognized self-defense and use-of-force expert.

In the next article, I will explore the first element, Innocence, and discuss what factors can negatively impact your self-defense claim. I hope you will join me as we continue through each of the five elements of the Law of Self-Defense!

The Gun Community Is Failing New Shooters — And We Are The Reason

Wed, 14 Jan 2026 17:33:01 Z

The firearms community likes to see itself as welcoming, responsible, and built on shared values. We talk often about protecting the Second Amendment, growing the shooting sports, and educating the next generation.

But there is an uncomfortable truth we rarely confront:

The gun community is actively driving new shooters away—and we are doing it to ourselves.

Not through legislation.
Not through media bias.
Not through politics.

Through ego, gatekeeping, intimidation, and a culture that rewards being “right” more than being helpful.

The First Range Experience Matters More Than We Admit

For most new shooters, the first trip to a gun range is intimidating enough.

Loud noise
Unfamiliar equipment
Complex safety rules
Fear of making a mistake

Now imagine adding:

Eye rolls from experienced shooters
Public corrections shouted across lanes
Condescending comments like “You should already know this.”

That first experience often determines whether someone continues or walks away permanently.

And when they walk away, we do not just lose a potential enthusiast. We lose a future advocate for responsible gun ownership.

Mocking Beginners Is Cultural Poison

One of the fastest ways to kill interest is ridicule.

New shooters are mocked for:

Grip
Stance
Equipment choices
Caliber selection
Lack of terminology

Online forums and social media amplify this behavior. Instead of education, beginners are met with sarcasm, memes, and humiliation. The message is clear: If you don’t already belong here, you’re not welcome.

That attitude does not build competence.
It builds silence—and resentment.

Jargon Does not Equal Expertise

Every discipline has its language. Firearms are no different. But somewhere along the way, terminology became a weapon instead of a tool.

New shooters are overwhelmed with:

Acronyms
Brands
Obscure technical language
Unexplained “common knowledge.”

Instead of translating concepts, many experienced shooters use jargon to establish dominance.

Real instructors simplify.
Ego hides behind complexity.

If someone asks a basic question and is made to feel stupid for asking it, they will not ask again. And unasked questions lead to unsafe assumptions.

The “Know-It-All” Instructor Problem

Not every person who teaches should be teaching.

The firearms world has a serious issue with:

Instructors who stopped learning years ago
Instructors who just started learning a year ago
Teaching outdated doctrine
Teaching by reading PowerPoint slides
Confusing volume with authority
Prioritizing ego over student safety

New shooters cannot tell the difference yet. They assume confidence equals competence.

Bad instruction does not just create poor shooters, it creates unsafe ones. And those shooters carry those habits into public ranges, homes, and communities.

Intimidation Disguised as Tradition

There is a persistent belief that firearms training should be intimidating. That pressure builds toughness. That fear creates respect.

It does not.

It creates:

Anxiety
Hesitation
Poor retention
Unsafe handling

Professional instruction builds confidence through clarity, repetition, and encouragement. Military and law enforcement training has evolved for this reason. Civilian instruction should too.

Fear-based teaching drives people away, or worse, convinces them they’re competent when they’re not.

How This Hurts the Second Amendment Long-Term

Every new shooter who quits because of a toxic experience is one less voice defending responsible gun ownership.

That matters.

Public opinion is not shaped by experts; it’s shaped by average citizens and their experiences. When those experiences are negative, dismissive, or hostile, neutrality turns into opposition.

A shrinking, insular gun culture is easier to marginalize, regulate, and restrict.

If we want to protect the Second Amendment, we must protect the people entering it.

Welcoming New Shooters Does NOT Mean Lowering Standards

This is where many people push back.

Being welcoming does not mean:

Ignoring safety
Lowering expectations
Excusing negligence

It means:

Teaching before correcting
Explaining before criticizing
Guiding before judging

High standards and respect are not opposites. The best training environments maintain strict safety while fostering growth.

The Community We Should Be Building

A strong firearms community:

Encourages questions
Corrects privately when possible
Explains the “why,” not just the “what”
Values progress over perfection
Holds instructors accountable

This is not about being soft.
It is about being effective.

The Responsibility Is Ours

We can blame politics.
We can blame media.
We can blame ignorance.

Or we can look inward.

If we want new shooters to become safe, competent, confident gun owners, we must meet them where they are, not where we think they should already be.

Because the future of gun ownership does not depend on who yells the loudest online.

It depends on who teaches the best.

Final Thought

This is not meant to be an attack on gun owners.
It is a challenge to the culture.

If we care about safety, freedom, and the Second Amendment, we must stop pushing new shooters out—and start pulling them in.

The gun community is not failing because of outsiders.
It is failing when we forget who we were at the beginning.

Find instructors and courses that meet your firearms training needs. No matter if you are a beginner or advanced student, ShootingClasses.com has certified instructors who are ready to help you.

At Michigan Pistol Academy, we teach the skills that matter most in a real defensive encounter. If you are ready to bring your training into the modern era, our classes can help you get there.

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The Michigan Pistol Academy is in Rochester Hills and Royal Oak, Michigan and provides comprehensive firearm training and education in the state of Michigan. If you discharge your weapon in self-defense, you could face hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal cost - CCW Safe offers memberships to protect you. Check them out!

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for legal advice. Laws regarding self-defense vary significantly by jurisdiction and are subject to change.

Look for Disconfirming Evidence: How to Measure Real Pistol Shooting Performance

Wed, 07 Jan 2026 15:41:40 Z

If you’re using words like “I think,” “I believe,” or “I’m probably” when talking about your pistol shooting performance, you’re talking about opinion. Without quantitative evidence — personal range data — it’s not objective reality. It’s just a personal judgment. Or, to put it more bluntly, it’s fantasy.

Because I carry concealed, I want to be able to reliably predict my performance in real life. I want a demonstrable, verifiable level of proficiency that’s evidence-based. How I feel or think I’ll perform — untested — has no basis in reality. In order to predict my performance, I must measure my skills using benchmarks or recognized standards. And it’s only then, after I establish benchmarks for my own personal performance, that I have a reference point from which I can gauge my progress, identify skill gaps, and set goals. “You can’t change what you don’t measure.”

Test and Test Again

To get a realistic view of my skill set, I want to test and challenge my beliefs about my performance and training by running “tests.” For me, that’s:

Running qualifications or timed shooting drills from credible sources
Competing in practical shooting matches
Training with instructors who offer a POV that might contradict my current beliefs

If selecting a qual or timed drill, choose different degrees of difficulty and complexity to test your fundamentals. Look at the results objectively. The target isn’t judging your performance. The goal is to get an objective assessment of your skill set in a point in time, giving you that reference point from which you can measure yourself against recognized standards, identify areas for improvement, and then track progress.

If you make the times and get the hits in a qual or drill, celebrate your success but don’t stop there. These are benchmarks but not the end of the training journey. When you don’t know what the fight might look like, “good enough” may not be enough. Keep pushing the envelope on speed and accuracy.

Five-Yard Roundup

Today I worked on the Justin Dyal Five-Yard Roundup. In his words, it’s a drill that tests your ability to get “solid hits under realistic time pressure at relatively close range.” It’s a quick, low round count drill that assesses key concealed carry skills, like draw stroke, grip, vision and single hand shooting. All at close range where you are more likely to actually engage in a real life defensive encounter. The drill is 10 rounds run on a B8 at 5 yards. There are 4 strings: one round from the holster, 4 rounds from the ready, 3 rounds from the ready with strong hand, 2 rounds from the ready with support hand. You have 2.5 seconds to complete each string and want all your hits in the black. Because it’s close range, it’s a great drill to test your vision and your ability to focus on the target and react to your sights more efficiently, rather than slowing down and over-confirming. At five yards you can go fast with full accountability. If you carry, this is an achievable benchmark for defensive purposes.

Assessing results

My biggest takeaway today was I still need to put in more work on my strong and support hand shooting with a focus on building a better platform and maintaining a more solid grip so I can get the gun to return more consistently. Second, at close range I don’t need a stopped, stable dot or even a bouncing dot. I just need to see a slash of red to give me what I need to shoot sooner. Ideally, I want to get my times down to 1.5 seconds for the draw and free style strings. Why? Based on research, the fight may be over in just three seconds.

Incorporate tests into your regular practice

I like to select a different qual each range practice day and run it cold. This gives me a realistic assessment of my fundamentals and on-demand performance. I know how my performance stacks up and what gaps I need to fill — based on reality.

Unfortunately, someone with low skill or a newer shooter probably doesn’t have enough knowledge or experience to accurately judge or assess his or her own performance. Making it that much more important to look for evidence that disconfirms beliefs or to train with a vetted instructor who can observe and provide valuable feedback that will inform your practice.

ShootingClasses Business Benefits for Firearms Instructors

Wed, 10 Dec 2025 09:01:09 Z

Why ShootingClasses is Valuable for Business Owners

Owning a firearms training business requires instructors to wear many hats. In addition to conducting classes, instructors also need to sort through class rosters, manage certifications, schedule courses, process payments, and perform other tasks away from the range. These administrative tasks are necessary to grow your firearms training business, but they can be time-consuming and overwhelming. There is a smarter way to manage and market your firearms training business with ShootingClasses. We will help market your business and take on administrative duties to streamline organization, so you can devote more time to teaching students valuable firearms skills. Ditch the outdated methods of paperwork and spreadsheets and welcome a streamlined, organized digital dashboard where you can manage classes, store information, and market your firearms training business – all from one convenient location that can be accessed from anywhere.

Class Scheduling Made Easy

Managing multiple course schedules can quickly become overwhelming. ShootingClasses alleviates this challenge by consolidating all your class schedules into a single, accessible online dashboard. No more searching for paper files or messy spreadsheets. You can access class schedules right on your instructor dashboard from anywhere. If you have a change for a course, you can update the listing through your dashboard to prevent miscommunication with students. ShootingClasses helps you fill up your courses quickly with students who are eager to improve their firearms skills.

Registration Efficiency

Reach more prospective students with ShootingClasses. Students can register for your courses with just a few clicks. ShootingClasses allows for prospective students to search by ZIP code, city, or state, so you can increase visibility to those in your area. Once students are registered, you can use your instructor dashboard to manage rosters. Reaching a broad student base and simplifying the registration process is crucial to scaling your firearms training business.

Specialty Course Promotion

Do you teach a specialty firearms course, such as women-only, active shooter, or security guard training? ShootingClasses makes you more visible to students through our unique course search filter tool that enables students to find specialized firearms training programs that meet their specific needs and interests. From concealed carry and shotgun training to law enforcement and scenario-based courses, there are many searchable class categories where students can locate your firearms training courses. As an instructor, you can also offer online courses (100% online or hybrid) to reach students who can’t attend in-person classes but still want the firearms and CCW training. By listing your specialty courses on ShootingClasses, you increase your visibility among targeted demographics who are actively searching for these niche programs. This targeted exposure can dramatically boost enrollment numbers and build a reputation for expertise in specific areas of firearms training. Grow your business by locating more students for your specialty training courses.

Market Your Business

It is easier than ever to market your firearms training business with ShootingClasses. Students learn about firearms trainers from a variety of sources, including social media, flyers, emails, and word of mouth. When you partner with ShootingClasses, you will receive a customized QR code that, when scanned, leads to your instructor dashboard. From here, prospective students can browse your upcoming courses, register for classes, enter payment information, and view your credentials. This seamless interaction facilitates immediate engagement and conversion, offering a powerful channel for attracting new clients. You can add this QR code to your business cards, email signature line, social media accounts, and any other mediums that you use to reach new students.

Effectively Manage Certifications

When students reach a milestone in class that results in a certification, you can upload the information to their ShootingClasses student profile. It can be time-consuming to print out and distribute certificates, not to mention the resulting paper clutter. Digital certifications not only save time, but they are simple to add right from your instructor dashboard.

Start Growing Your Training Business Today

Don’t delay growing your firearms training business any longer. Now you can reach new students, organize important documents, and manage courses all in an easy-to-use platform. Get started today by signing up for a free 90-day ShootingClasses trial. If you activate your subscription before the trial expires, you will receive a special rate of $15/month for the first year.

Dispelling Myths and Fallacies About Pistol Optics

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 16:24:00 Z

Single focal plane. Faster target acquisition. A more natural, intuitive way to aim. These are the key advantages of running an optic on your pistol — for sport, home defense, CCW or competition.

Optics are now the standard.

Optic-ready guns are more readily available. Manufacturers are offering handguns with an optic already mounted. Glock recently launched their Glock + Aimpoint COA combo to the general consumer and has been unable to meet the demand. Carry Optics is now the largest division in USPSA competition. It’s the only division with its own standalone Nationals event. And today nearly half of all new USPSA members are choosing Carry Optics as their first division.

Just ten years ago the landscape was much different. The Carry Optics Division got its start in mid-2015 as a provisional division. Iron sights dominated the competition world at this time. In 2015, If you wanted to run an optic, you needed to get your slide milled to mount the optic, which was costly and time consuming. After its first year, Carry Optics accounted for just 2.45% of all USPSA activity. But by 2021, it was the most shot division, accounting for 30.8% of reported activity. And by 2022, it accounted for nearly 40% all activities.

Why does this matter? What happens in the competition world is where the industry is going. And it’s influencing the adoption of trends and training techniques by the general shooting population.

I’ve put tens of thousands of rounds through my guns, running irons and pistol optics, shooting them in training, practice, instructing and competition. With that experience, I want to try to clear up some frustrating misconceptions that persist about optics:

You do not need to learn how to shoot with irons first. Fact: Learning irons first isn’t wrong. But it will require you to unlearn one technique: front sight focus — and learn a new technique: hard target focus. There is no reason you need learn to use iron sights first. You can apply hard target focus when using irons if you want to address the argument that you may need your back-up irons if your dot fails.
You shouldn’t have to “find the dot.” Fact: Regardless of whether you’re using a red dot or irons, you must develop your index. If you’re looking for the dot, then this is a red flag that you don’t have a developed index. It’s a signal that you need to work on fixing your grip and learning how to bring the gun up consistently into your eye target line, with the dot landing on a small focal point, centered in the glass so you can take your first shot immediately. This is a training issue, not a gear issue. The dot just makes it much more obvious and easier to detect this deficiency. It’s not a con, it’s an advantage. Develop your index. It is the foundation for all of your shooting.
You should not be aiming with your dot. Fact: if you’re looking at the red dot and aiming with it, then you’re not using the technology correctly. You should not be looking at your dot. A dot allows you to be target or threat focused, which is more natural. Keeping both eyes open gives you a wider field of view as you superimpose the dot on a small spot on your target. If you’re looking at the dot through the window, then you’re applying old techniques to new technology. Both eyes should remain open and stay locked on that small spot.
The optic window is not easily obstructed. Fact: Your optic window isn’t a failure point. I’ve trained in all kinds of conditions, heat, cold, fog, rain, indoors, outdoors, dealing with dirt, sand, sweat, dust and water. I’ve dropped my gun in mud and run competition stages in the rain. A smudge or some dirt will not obscure your target. If the dot remains clear and visible and you stay target focused, with both eyes open, lens clarity is less critical. In fact, because of how our eyes and brain work, you can occlude the dot by covering the front of the optic with tape and still acquire your target. Not only is this a great training tool to learn how to shoot target focused, you’re less likely to be distracted by debris on the lens.
You have no idea what your fight will look like. Fact: You do not know if you’ll need to shoot at 3 yards or 25 yards. Don’t be lulled into a false sense of security about what skill or gear you need for a self-defense scenario. You want the maximum advantage possible. Because you are accountable for every round that leaves your gun, you must be able to get at least minimal confirmation that your rounds are going where you want them to go. Dealing with a single focal plane, superimposing a dot on a threat, is easier to execute under stress than aligning a front and rear sight, especially with higher risk targets that may require a more refined sight picture.

The cons for running a pistol optic that may have existed in the past are no longer relevant. A high quality optic is built to withstand a lot of punishment. It maintains its zero. It’s reliable and stable. It’s intuitive and easy to learn.

Ultimately, the decision to run irons vs. an optic really just comes down to personal preference. But be honest about your reasons. Don’t let the challenge of learning a new skill or being uncomfortable with an ugly target while learning get in the way of becoming a better shooter.

If you’re still unsure about adding an optic, take a class. Vet your instructor to ensure he or she is staying current with industry trends, investing in training and testing skills under pressure through competition.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

What the FBI Data Really Says About Self-Defense Shootings – And Why Most CPL Classes Miss the Mark

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 15:35:17 Z

What the FBI Data Really Says About Self-Defense Shootings?

When it comes to self-defense with a firearm, there is no shortage of myths, opinions, and internet bravado. But if you are training for a real-life defensive encounter, wouldn’t it make sense to base your training on real incidents, not Hollywood fantasies, or outdated drills? That is where FBI data and law enforcement shooting studies become crucial.

In this post, we will break down what the FBI and other official sources say about defensive shootings. We will also examine how most concealed pistol license (CPL) or concealed carry classes fall short and what kind of training better prepares you for the reality of a life-or-death encounter.

The FBI's Use-of-Force and LEOKA Data: A Window into Real Gunfights

Each year, the FBI publishes reports on law enforcement use-of-force incidents and Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA). While the data focuses on police, it offers some of the best real-world insight into deadly force encounters, especially when you consider that civilian defensive shootings often mirror many of the same dynamics.
Here is what the data consistently shows:

1. Distance Is Close

Most fatal encounters occur within 0–10 feet.
In fact, many shootings occur within 3 feet, a distance close enough to touch.
FBI LEOKA reports and multiple police debriefs show officers often get ambushed at arms-length distance, leaving little or no time to react.

2. Time Is Short

Most gunfights are over in 2–5 seconds.
The average number of rounds fired is 2 to 3.
There’s rarely time to “think it over” or assess a sight picture under stress.

3. Movement Is a Factor

• In most real-world shootings, at least one party is moving, and often both.
• Offenders are frequently charging, fleeing, or taking cover.

4. Low-Light Conditions Are Common

A significant portion of these encounters happen in reduced or poor lighting, often during early morning or nighttime hours.

5. Reloads Rarely Occur

Reloads are extremely rare in civilian self-defense cases.
If the threat is not neutralized in the first magazine, the fight often ends another way, either the attacker flees or the defender retreats.

What’s Actually Happening in Civilian Defensive Gun Use?

While the FBI data mostly covers law enforcement, the same principles apply to armed civilians. Studies like the National Self-Defense Survey and data compiled by researchers like John Lott and the CDC indicate:

Defensive gun use happens over 1 million times per year (some estimates are higher).
In most cases, the gun is not even fired — the threat is deterred by presentation.
When shots are fired, close quarters and extreme stress dominate the situation.

A key takeaway? You will not have time to think, reload, or run a clean drill. You will react based on how you trained; or you’ll freeze.

What’s Taught in Most CPL/CCW Classes?

Here is where we run into a major disconnect.

The standard concealed carry or CPL course, especially in states like Michigan, usually focuses on:

Legal education (which is important).
Safe gun handling.
Basic marksmanship.
Live fire qualification of 30 rounds at distances like 3, 7, and 15 yards.
No movement, no drawing from a holster, no stress drills.

These classes are not designed to train you for a fight. They are designed to help you meet minimum legal requirements, and that’s a critical distinction.

Most CPL Classes Do NOT Teach:

• How to draw from concealment under pressure.
How to shoot at contact distances (0–3 feet).
One-handed or injured-limb shooting.
How to handle moving threats or shoot while moving.
How to defend your weapon from a grab attempt.
How to issue commands or manage bystanders.
How to deal with legal aftermath or police contact after a shooting.

In other words, what is being taught does not reflect what happens in most defensive shootings.

Why That Gap Matters

This disconnect can lead to false confidence. A student may leave a CPL class thinking they’re “trained,” but without any exposure to stress, movement, or real-world context, they may freeze or fumble when their life actually depends on their skills.

Here is a scenario to consider:

You are at a gas station at night. A man quickly approaches within 5 feet, reaching for something in his waistband. You cannot retreat. You cannot run. You only have seconds, maybe less, to act.

Ask yourself:

Can you draw and get on target under that stress?
Have you ever trained at that distance?
Are you mentally and physically prepared?

If your only experience is standing still at a range firing at 7 yards, the answer is likely “no.”

What Training Should Look Like (Based on the Data)

So how should you train? Start by designing or seeking out programs that reflect what happens in defensive shootings:

1. Train for Close-Quarter Encounters

Focus on distances from 0 to 9 feet, not just 7-15 yards.
Learn how to create space, control the weapon, and shoot from compressed positions.

2. Incorporate Movement

Practice shooting while moving, lateral movement, and creating distance.
Include drills where the threat is also moving, ideally with a live role player or simulator.

3. Practice Under Stress

Use shot timers, low-light scenarios, or scenario-based drills.
Simulate being startled or surprised to train your response under adrenaline.

4. Learn Decision-Making Under Pressure

Add “shoot/no-shoot” scenarios.
Practice issuing verbal commands.
Work through scenarios involving bystanders, third parties, or ambiguous threats.

5. Build Confidence in Your Draw and Presentation

Practice drawing from concealment, clearing garments, and getting accurate hits fast.
Dry fire at home, then live fire with realistic gear when possible.

Final Thoughts: Train for Reality, Not for Paper

Firearms training is not just about shooting paper targets; it is about preparing to defend your life. The FBI and real-world data paint a picture that is faster, closer, and more chaotic than most gun owners are training for.

If you carry a gun for personal protection, don’t stop at the legal minimum.

Train for the distances that matter.
Build real skills under pressure.
Seek instructors who focus on reality-based training. Just do not just check boxes.

Because when the moment comes, you will not rise to the occasion, you will fall to the level of your training.

Why Your Eyes Lie: Understanding Visual Perception in a Gunfight

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 15:08:37 Z

When the average person imagines a gunfight, they picture something clean, crisp, and cinematic. You see the threat clearly, draw smoothly, and put rounds exactly where they need to go. That image could not be further from the truth. In a real defensive shooting, your body undergoes an intense and immediate stress response that drastically alters the way your senses—especially your vision work.

At Michigan Pistol Academy, we train students to expect the unexpected. That includes the fact that your eyes may lie to you when your life is on the line. In this article, we will explore what happens to your vision under extreme stress, how it impacts your performance, and how to train effectively for these conditions.

The Science Behind “Fight or Flight” Vision

When you perceive a deadly threat, your brain triggers the sympathetic nervous system, initiating the classic fight-or-flight response. This dumps adrenaline and other stress hormones into your system. While these chemicals help prepare your body to fight or flee, they also cause several side effects, especially when it comes to your vision.

Stress-induced visual changes include:

Tunnel Vision – A narrowing of the visual field, which can eliminate peripheral awareness.
Target Fixation – An involuntary, intense focus on the perceived threat to the exclusion of everything else.
Depth Perception Distortion – Misjudging distance to the target or background.
Motion Perception Changes – Things may seem to slow down or speed up, impacting timing and response.
Reduced Visual Acuity – Your “sharpness” of vision may deteriorate due to pupil dilation and other stress effects.

These changes are not psychological guesses; they're well-documented physiological responses. And if you do not train with this reality in mind, you may find yourself completely unprepared in the moment that counts.

Why You May Not See a Second Attacker

One of the most dangerous effects of tunnel vision is that it robs you of situational awareness. If you are fixated on the first threat, especially if they have a weapon, you may completely miss the fact that there's a second assailant coming from your flank.

This is not just theory. Surveillance footage of real-life defensive shootings has shown time and again that defenders often fail to notice additional threats, even when they are plainly visible on video. The human brain filters information under stress, and prioritizes the most immediate perceived danger.

In training, this is why scanning and 360-degree threat awareness are essential. But here is the kicker: if you only ever train this skill at the end of a drill ("scan and assess" as a mechanical habit), it won't carry over to real life. You must incorporate dynamic, multi-threat scenarios in force-on-force or reality-based training environments for this skill to take root.

When Vision “Zooms In”: The Illusion of Clarity

Another common phenomenon is what is known as perceptual narrowing. This is when your vision “zooms in” on the weapon in the assailant’s hand, or on their face, to the exclusion of everything else. You are essentially looking through a soda straw.

The problem? While this intense focus might help you identify one threat, it destroys your ability to track movement, assess surroundings, or recognize other cues like cover options or bystanders.
For example, if you are solely focused on the bad guy's gun, you might not even realize you are standing in the open with zero protection, or worse, you might miss that they’ve already started moving or reloading.

Training tip: Force your eyes to break fixation during drills. Move targets, incorporate auditory distractions, or use scenario-based video simulations to help condition your brain to break focus and process a broader visual field.

Why Shooters Miss—or Hit Too Low—Under Stress

Law enforcement and civilian defensive gun use studies repeatedly show that many shots fired in real-life encounters miss their target completely. And when they do hit, they often strike lower than expected like, hips, thighs, or even legs.

There are two main reasons for this:

Biological Response to Stress: Under extreme stress, your body adopts a crouched, hunched position, knees bent, head down, shoulders forward. You may instinctively look over the sights and point the gun lower than normal.
Visual Perception Shift: Because your depth perception is distorted, you may perceive the target as closer or farther than it really is. Combined with poor grip or trigger control under stress, this leads to errant shots, especially low hits.

Also, some shooters unconsciously aim at the center of mass they can see, which in many cases is the assailant’s chest if they are crouched or behind cover. If the attacker is wearing dark clothing or there’s poor lighting, visual cues get even more unreliable.

Training tip: Train to the torso, not just the chest. Practice engaging targets at multiple elevations, while in awkward positions, and from realistic angles—not just static, upright targets.

How to Train to Overcome Deceptive Vision

So, what can you do to overcome these “visual lies” and prepare for a real gunfight?
Here are proven strategies:

1. Reality-Based Training

Force-on-force scenarios with role players or simulation equipment (e.g., UTM, airsoft, or laser platforms) create the stress inoculation necessary to experience and manage tunnel vision and fixation in a safe environment.

2. Low-Light and Variable-Light Training

Since most real-world encounters happen in low-light conditions, train in environments that include shadows, flickering light, or light transitions to challenge visual processing.
3. Dynamic Movement Drills

Standing still on a square range is NOT how fights happen. Movement helps train your visual system to adjust and stay oriented under stress. Use cover, change elevation, and simulate movement while engaging.

4. Multi-Threat Engagement

Train for multiple threats. Use numbered targets or targets that appear in unpredictable sequences. Force your eyes and brain to assess—not just shoot.

5. Verbal Engagement and Problem Solving

Include verbal commands, friend/foe recognition, and decision-making in your drills. This helps break the mechanical “see target, shoot target” habit and encourages you to process visual and auditory information simultaneously.

Final Thought: See More, Survive More

Gunfights are not just a test of your trigger finger, they’re a test of your perception, judgment, and ability to perform under extreme pressure. Your eyes, no matter how trained, are still connected to a brain that can panic, filter, or even fabricate information in the heat of the moment.

At Michigan Pistol Academy, we teach more than marksmanship. We teach survival, rooted in reality. The next time you are on the range, remember: real-world accuracy starts with seeing clearly and that means knowing when your eyes are lying to you.

“Train smarter. Train harder. Train for reality.”
– Michigan Pistol Academy

Conducting a First-Time Class for Beginner Female Shooters

Tue, 12 Aug 2025 12:25:04 Z

I recently had the opportunity to conduct a class just for beginner female shooters. While women’s shooting classes are growing in popularity, I wanted to create a unique experience specifically for those who are completely new to firearms. It's an exciting journey for many, as they explore which firearm suits them best and how to carry it confidently, all while considering their commitment to ongoing training.

partnering with WildHerness

Recently, I was contacted by a representative from WildHERness, a fantastic organization that inspires women to embrace the great outdoors and develop various skills. She asked if I would be interested in teaching a class for novice female shooters who are looking to conceal and carry for self-defense. When she inquired, I was more than excited as my passion is teaching. While I've taught more advanced classes in the past, nothing compares to the joy that I experience when someone, who has never handled a gun before, successfully hits their target during our training. The look of accomplishment on their face is simply priceless.

Building the Class Experience

Teaching this course wouldn’t have been possible without the instruction support of two long-time shooting friends, and my daughter. As instructors, we often encourage people to visit a local gun shop to find a firearm that feels perfect in their hands. However, sometimes the salespeople may not prioritize the customer’s needs and be more focused on promoting certain products due to incentives. It’s also fairly common for them to suggest renting guns at shooting ranges for a trial period, but how many times have you heard someone express regret over their first handgun purchase?

With this in mind, I set out to create a comprehensive class that covers safe firearm handling and equips participants with the basics of marksmanship along with the knowledge they need to make informed choices about their firearm purchase all while being geared towards concealed carry. To make things easier, I included all firearms and ammunition as part of the class fee, in hopes of eliminating any stress about what they needed to purchase prior to the class.

To ensure a supportive environment, I made sure to have three shooters on the line at a time, with ample space to allow a coach to stand comfortably beside each one. Each participant had an assigned coach through the day that focused on reinforcing safety rules and providing helpful adjustments with grip, stance, and trigger control.

We set up B-8 targets at a distance of 5 yards. Each participant took turns firing ten rounds before noting the make, model, and caliber of their firearm on the target. After everyone fired their rounds, we rotated until all participants had the chance to try each firearm before switching to the next group. While one group fired, another coach engaged the remaining participants in lively discussions about accessories and all content related to concealed carry.

Building Confidence in Women

I felt like starting with .22 caliber pistols was a smart decision as they have lower recoil and reduced noise that really helped the ladies gain confidence in their new skills. The three starting options I chose were a suppressed FN 502 to help those that were a little more anxious if it was their first time shooting, the Ruger Mark II heavy barrel, and the Glock 44.

We then transitioned to 9mm handguns, featuring the Glock 19, Glock 43, and a Sig Sauer model. Each participant fired another ten rounds through each pistol. It wasn't a surprise to me that most participants found the Glock 19 easier to shoot compared to the subcompact models. This sparked a more engaging conversation. Generally, larger pistols provide better control, leading to greater accuracy—especially for novice shooters. Plus, they typically offer more comfort during extended training sessions.

I specifically chose models to practice with that are readily available in stores. I wanted to make sure they had a genuine experience, rather than trying out modified firearms that could lead to disappointment later on if they purchased a stock version off of the shelf.

One of the best discussion points of the day was about optimal carry methods. My petite 19-year-old daughter demonstrated the Crossbreed Modular Belly Band 2.0, which is a fantastic option for individuals with smaller frames looking to carry a Glock 19-sized pistol. This innovative system attaches directly to the body without needing a belt or loops, making it versatile enough to work with every clothing option from skirts to workout shorts.

What sets the Crossbreed apart from traditional belly bands is its Kydex insert that can be customized for different makes and models. This means users can easily re-holster safely with one hand without having to worry about the holster collapsing. It showcased that they can carry a larger pistol while dressing stylishly and comfortably. We also discussed traditional holsters and off-body carry methods while weighing the pros and cons of every approach.

Though a course like this may not be the most lucrative, it plays an important role in educating and empowering novice female shooters, which I find incredibly fulfilling. I'm beyond grateful that WildHERness, approached me for this initiative. We have already planned another class in the near future, with hopes of more to come!

If you are interested in a female only shooting class, schedule a class today!

What You Need to Know About Concealed Carry Laws

Wed, 25 Jun 2025 17:27:14 Z

With many states making moves toward permit-less carry (“constitutional carry”), you may be wondering if it’s still worth it to get a concealed carry permit — or if you need one at all. The answer is YES.

Carrying a concealed firearm requires a strong understanding of both legal and ethical components. And getting a concealed carry permit shows you’ve taken all of the right steps to not just carry a weapon but carry one responsibly.

ARE ALL STATE’S CONCEALED CARRY LAWS DIFFERENT?

In every state, the concealed carry laws are not the same. Curious if you can carry a gun in your state without a permit? I encourage you to check your state’s Department of Justice website or the US Concealed Carry Association for the most up-to-date information.

Regardless of any state’s concealed carry requirements, a concealed carry permit demonstrates to law enforcement and to the public that you have taken the necessary steps to carry in a conscientious manner. However, it’s important to know that because firearms laws are so complex, a permit alone won’t fully protect you from a legal standpoint if you do have to use your gun for self-defense. Even if you’re justified, you might still face legal challenges and fees. Train2Protect partners with companies that offer discounted legal programs, giving you access to an attorney and other necessary support when you need.

THE BENEFITS OF RECIPROCITY

Another important reason to get a concealed carry permit is reciprocity under your state’s pistol transport laws. Your state concealed carry permit may be recognized in several other states. In fact, other states may have extremely strict gun laws. So, carrying a weapon in those states without a permit could result in hefty fines, criminal charges, or even jail time. This is crucial to keep in mind if you plan to travel.

Depending on the state you live in, a concealed carry permit may be recognized in your neighboring states and a number of other states. Reciprocity means you can legally carry your concealed firearm across state lines without having the need for a permit application in each state you visit. If you travel frequently, reciprocity offers peace of mind and allows you to maintain a consistent level of personal protection.

PROTECT YOUR LOVED ONES

Now that we’ve covered if you can carry a gun in your state with or without a permit, let’s dig deeper. In our unpredictable world, personal safety is a top priority. And simply owning a gun isn’t enough. A concealed carry permit can give you an extra layer of protection in threatening situations, helping you defend yourself and those who matter most.

Although a firearm doesn’t guarantee safety, the training you get as part of the process can improve your judgment and help you resolve threats (often without needing to use your gun!). And while it can take the police some time to respond to an emergency call, a permit empowers you to respond quickly and act with confidence.

EXPAND YOUR FIREARM SAFETY KNOWLEDGE

Many states require firearm safety courses and background checks. This ensures that permit holders know how to handle their gun safely and responsibly.

Even if your state’s concealed carry laws remove the permit requirement, getting educated is essential. These courses cover critical topics:

How to safely and correctly handle and store your firearm
Self-defense laws
The appropriate time to use your gun
Adhering to local laws
What’s at stake for you legally as soon as you draw your weapon

Training builds confidence in other areas too. You’ll learn how to adopt important soft skills like de-escalating or escaping a dangerous situation, which can help you navigate emergency situations successfully. Why is this important? Because as soon as you show your weapon, you never know what the consequences will be for the other person and for you.

CONFIDENTLY CARRY WITH TRAIN2PROTECT

Bottom line… a concealed carry permit isn’t just about possessing a firearm; it’s about becoming proficient in using your weapon both safely and effectively.

When you choose to embrace the concealed carry lifestyle, it should never be a casual decision. Owning a firearm comes with a large responsibility and awareness of the consequences of your actions. Even if your state may no longer require a concealed carry permit by law, getting one is still critical.

A permit allows you to carry a handgun, provides legal protection, and improves your personal safety. It also offers reciprocity, letting you carry in other states while traveling. Plus, the required training helps you get more proficient and confident in your abilities, requiring awareness of your surroundings and actions at all times. Why? Because when you carry a firearm, you’re more likely to avoid unnecessary confrontations, knowing the gravity of your actions and the consequences they may bring.

Carrying With Caution

Ultimately, having a permit brings greater peace of mind and a deeper understanding of both the responsibilities and legal risks involved. If you are considering this path, be sure to thoroughly research the laws and regulations in your area — and commit to ongoing training to ensure safe and responsible firearm use both today and in the future.

Aim High. Train Better. Knowing your state’s concealed carry laws is just the first step.

Women's Personal Safety: How to Avoid Violent Encounters

Tue, 15 Apr 2025 20:19:36 Z

In a world where danger can strike at any moment, women’s personal safety has never been more important. A staggering 736 million women worldwide have experienced some form of physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. That’s one in three women!

The good news is that with the proper mental and physical preparation, you can reduce your risk of facing violent encounters. The skills you develop today can make all the difference in protecting yourself tomorrow.

Whether you're a seasoned concealed carry permit holder or just starting to think about your safety strategy, now is the time to take proactive steps to sharpen both your awareness and response capabilities.

Defense calls. Are you ready? Get the personal safety advice you need to stay safe!

What Is Personal Safety?

Personal safety involves being aware of potential threats, knowing how to avoid them, and having the tools, skills, and mindset to act if necessary.

For many women, the challenge isn’t just recognizing a threat but feeling capable of defending themselves.

Types of personal safety encompass more than just physical protection. They also include mental preparation to react calmly in an unexpected situation. From situational awareness to self-defense techniques, a versatile arsenal of personal safety skills can empower you to navigate through a crisis or threat with confidence.

How to Be Prepared for the Unexpected

Did you know that one in two women and one in seven men feel unsafe walking home alone late at night? A well-prepared and proactive safety plan can significantly reduce common fears by equipping you with the knowledge, awareness, and skills to respond effectively to unexpected threats.

So, how do you prepare for the unexpected?

Here are some essential personal safety tips for women when faced with potentially dangerous situations:

Situational Awareness
The first line of defense is being aware of your surroundings at all times, particularly in unfamiliar or unsafe areas. Trust your instincts; if something doesn’t feel right, it probably isn’t. Always take note of exits, people around you, and any possible threats. Our women’s personal safety training courses will help you cultivate soft skills to prevent dangerous situations before they escalate into real harm.
Women’s Personal Safety Devices
A personal safety device helps create a physical barrier between you and a potentially violent encounter. Consider options like concealed carry firearms or non-lethal alternatives such as pepper spray or a taser. These tools can give you a sense of security and the ability to defend yourself if needed.
Training and Practice
Simply owning a firearm isn't enough to guarantee your safety! Regularly practice and stay current on self-defense techniques to be ready at a moment’s notice. At Train2Protect, our concealed carry classes do more than just teach you how to shoot—you’ll develop a defensive mindset and rapid response capabilities for any dangerous situation.
Weapon Storage and Accessibility
Ensure your firearm is stored securely and still remains accessible for an emergency. The last thing you want is to be unable to access your weapon when you need it most. Stay informed about local laws and regulations on keeping your gun on hand if needed.

Train Today, Protect Tomorrow

Life is valuable, and so is your time. The right training now ensures you're ready for that one moment that matters most.

Personal safety for women is a top priority at Train2Protect, and we’re dedicated to equip you with everything you need to defend yourself when the unexpected arises.

Develop valuable soft and hard skills, so you feel prepared to act under any circumstance. Through our expert-led training classes, you’ll learn how to assess threats, stay calm under pressure, and make critical decisions when faced with danger.

Don’t wait until it’s too late! Whether you’re starting from scratch or refining your existing skills, our flexible training programs are designed to meet you where you are and empower you with the confidence you need to protect yourself.

Train for excellence. Defend with confidence. Strengthen your threat responses, so you can handle whatever life throws your way. The right personal safety training could make all the difference.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Firearm Owner’s Legacy Letter of Instructions

Wed, 26 Mar 2025 16:09:24 Z

Do you have highly trusted close relatives or friends who would know what to do with your firearms, ammunition, and assorted gear when you die?

Have a couple of them agreed to take on that responsibility?

Have you made sure that your executor and heirs know to go to them when that time comes?

What details should you put in a letter of instructions on how to dispose of your armory when you die?

You have a will, right? (Please say yes; be truthful!) You might have a revocable living trust, a gun trust, or both, too. (If you don’t know why these are great, ask a local estate attorney.) But if you do not have a separate gun trust, your executor and successor trustees will need details about what to do with your guns and gear. This reality hit us when my wife had to dispose of her recently deceased brother's safe full of guns (without the combination, of course).

Why Write an Instruction Letter?

Consider an instruction letter to supplement your will and trust documents. As estate laws are different in each state, it is essential to work with your lawyer in your state to link this letter properly into your will and trusts. Regrettably, heirs and other family members do fight over stuff. The way to deal with such fights is in the courts. Having your instruction letter recognized as enforceable under your will and trusts will make life much easier for your heirs.

I’m in my 70s, healthy, exercise three times a week, an active firearms instructor, and taking university classes to keep my mind agile. At the same time, I can tell my memory is not what it was even 10 years ago. With that context, my wife and I are working on a letter of instructions for her, my executor, and heirs on exactly what to do with my guns and gear when I die. In addition, should my family (particularly my wife) properly determine I am no longer mentally or physically safe to handle guns, they can act using this letter.

What Documents to Prepare

We are preparing three documents: a letter of instructions, an inventory, and instructions for the safes sealed in an envelope. We will give copies of the first two to a selection of trusted family and friends, and the last to a limited number within that broader group. If you follow this program, be sure to give copies of all three to any estate planning lawyer you hire to store with their copy of your will.

What should be in each of the documents?

Letter of instructions, Dated and SIGNED.

In order, who needs to act based on the letter, starting with the spouse or executor.
Specific instructions on who should and who should not be given access to any firearms.
Who has copies of the letter and inventory.
Who has copies of the letter, inventory, and safe instructions.
Who you designate to receive specific items in the inventory (guns, ammunition, gear, etc.) as gifts or bequests.
Guidance on how to dispose of the guns.
- How to match cases and holsters with the guns to prepare for transfer.
- Local gun shops that can take items on consignment. Personally, I prefer local gun shops, but many large sporting goods stores can handle this, also. Include a note that those shops cannot usually deal with your stored ammunition, but they may have advice on how to deal with the ammunition.
- Information on local estate sales companies that may be able to assist in the sales. Details will vary by state due to Federal and state laws.
- Information on local transfer procedures, reminder of no transfers across state lines, when and how to use a Federal Firearms Licensed dealer to handle the transfer, and especially if your state has a Universal Background Check law how to comply.
More general advice on disposing of the rest of the gear, especially ammunition. You may have local membership ranges or instructors that can help out.

Inventory, DATED and SIGNED.

List each firearm with make, model, description, caliber, serial number, location, and location of the bill of sale or receipt if you have it.
If the gun is registered with a local or state agency, details on the registration and how to properly transfer the registration to a new owner.
If you have any suppressors/silencers or guns licensed with ATF as Federal Firearm Act (FFA) items, give details. (And ask your lawyer about a gun trust!)
Summary of ammunition on hand with calibers, location, and approximate quantity.
Holsters, associated with specific guns, with locations.
Cases associated with specific guns, with locations.
Cleaning & maintenance gear and instructions, with locations.
Targets and practice gear like shotgun clays and flingers.
Reloading gear and supplies.

Safe information, sealed in a marked envelope.

Make, model, description, serial number, location, and location of each gun safe and lockable storage box.
Combination for each safe and location of keys.
Instructions for changing the combination on each safe.
Suggestions on whether to keep or dispose of each. (For example, we are recommending that the large safe convey with the house when sold.)

Finally, remember to update the inventory every time you get a gun or dispose of one, or your list of key people changes, and send the new copies to everyone on this action list. Your lawyer can tell you whether you have to incorporate the inventory and safe information into the will and trusts.

A special thanks to fellow ShootingClasses.com instructor and lawyer Deron Boring, 1791 Training for his contribution on this article.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Mental Preparation for Firearm Use

Wed, 05 Mar 2025 13:23:46 Z

Mental Preparation for Firearm Use: The Psychological Aspects of Self-Defense and Combat Shooting

Firearms training is not only about physical skills but also about mental preparedness. Popular topics include overcoming fear, building confidence, and the psychological aspects of self-defense and combat shooting.

Firearms training often focuses on physical skills like aiming, shooting, and reloading, but the mental aspect of using a firearm is just as crucial—if not more so. In the heat of a high-stress situation, your physical training may be rendered ineffective without the mental readiness to support it. For those involved in self-defense or combat shooting, the psychological component is paramount. This includes overcoming fear, building confidence, and understanding the psychological effects of using a firearm in life-threatening situations. Mental preparation can be the difference between a successful response to danger and a catastrophic failure.

Overcoming Fear

Fear is one of the most natural reactions to dangerous situations, and it can be both beneficial and detrimental. On one hand, fear activates the body’s "fight or flight" response, heightening awareness and preparing the individual to respond quickly to threats. On the other hand, overwhelming fear can cause indecision, paralysis, or erratic actions that can put you in greater danger. For a firearm owner or someone training for self-defense, the key is learning how to manage fear—not eliminate it.

Understanding Fear in High-Stress Situations

When you face a potential threat, fear can manifest in various ways, such as elevated heart rate, shallow breathing, trembling, and tunnel vision. These physiological responses are designed to prepare you for quick action, but they can cloud your judgment if not managed properly. The goal in firearms training is not to eliminate fear but to learn to control it. Fear is an emotional and physiological reaction that can overwhelm your senses, impair decision-making, and lead to hesitation or poor performance under stress.

Techniques for Overcoming Fear

One of the most effective ways to combat fear is through repetition and exposure. Just as athletes train their bodies through repetitive drills, shooters must practice in stressful scenarios to build mental toughness. Training with live-fire drills, simulations, or stress inoculation exercises helps prepare the mind for the intensity of a real-life situation.

Additionally, mental imagery or visualization is a powerful technique. By imagining high-pressure scenarios where you remain calm and focused, you can condition your mind to respond effectively when faced with danger. Visualization helps engrain the behaviors and thought processes needed in high-stress environments. It also aids in reducing the fear response over time, as the brain learns to associate the situation with a calm, controlled response.

Building Confidence

Confidence is another vital mental attribute in firearms training. A lack of confidence in your abilities can lead to hesitation or second-guessing during crucial moments. Whether you are carrying a firearm for self-defense, practicing at the range, or involved in competitive shooting, your confidence in your training and decision-making is essential.

Confidence Through Training

One of the most straightforward ways to build confidence is through consistent, deliberate practice. When you repeatedly train in a controlled environment, you gain familiarity with the firearm and its operation. Over time, this repetitive practice helps to reduce the "unknowns" of using a firearm and builds comfort. You will become more confident in your ability to manipulate the firearm, fire accurately, and react to various scenarios.

Confidence is also rooted in knowing you can handle situations that may arise. Firearms training that simulates real-world threats, such as reacting to a home intruder or dealing with hostile encounters, allows you to envision how you will perform under pressure. As you encounter different training scenarios, you will develop the belief that you can handle stressful situations effectively.

Building Self-Confidence After Fearful Experiences

For many people, especially those who have never been in a high-stress situation involving firearms, there is a level of fear and doubt that can arise after initial training experiences. In such cases, building confidence involves reframing negative experiences. If a person struggles with a specific skill, whether it’s clearing malfunctions, rapid target acquisition, or shooting on the move, focusing on gradual improvement and celebrating small victories will help to build confidence.

Positive reinforcement plays a role here. Recognizing progress—whether it's improving accuracy or maintaining composure during a stressful drill—boosts self-esteem and reinforces the belief that you are capable of defending yourself if necessary.

The Psychological Impact of Self-Defense and Combat Shooting

While overcoming fear and building confidence are vital components of mental preparation, it’s also crucial to address the deeper psychological aspects of firearms use, particularly when it comes to self-defense or combat shooting. The potential to take a life, even in a justified self-defense situation, can have profound emotional and psychological effects.

The Moral and Emotional Burden of Using Deadly Force

For many gun owners and those who engage in self-defense training, the notion of using deadly force is a heavy burden. Even in situations where using a firearm is legally justified, the emotional consequences of taking a life can be overwhelming. This "moral injury" can be compounded by questions of whether the threat was real enough to justify the use of force, guilt over the loss of life, or the psychological trauma from experiencing a violent encounter.

Training that includes discussions of the psychological aftermath of using a firearm can help prepare individuals to better handle these emotions should they ever face a life-or-death situation. This may involve stress management techniques, counseling, or even post-incident debriefing with law enforcement professionals or mental health counselors. Understanding the emotional toll of using force can make it easier to mentally cope with the aftermath.

Combat Stress and Adrenaline Dump

During a combat or self-defense situation, a phenomenon known as "adrenaline dump" occurs. This is the rapid release of adrenaline that prepares the body for action, often leading to an elevated heart rate, dry mouth, and increased alertness. In a gunfight, adrenaline can distort your perception of time, affect fine motor skills, and even cause temporary tunnel vision. Understanding this process and preparing for it mentally can help a shooter remain focused during stressful encounters.

To prepare for combat stress, firearms training should include stress inoculation drills. These drills simulate the high-stress environment of a real-life situation, allowing individuals to experience the effects of adrenaline and practice staying calm under pressure. The ability to stay focused on the task at hand—whether it’s aiming, reloading, or assessing the situation—is critical in ensuring an effective response.

The Role of Decision-Making Under Stress

The ability to make quick, effective decisions under stress is another psychological component that must be trained. In self-defense situations, hesitation can be deadly, and every action taken with a firearm must be deliberate. The mental challenge here lies in balancing the need to act quickly with the necessity to make the right decision.

Training that emphasizes decision-making under pressure is crucial. This includes recognizing when to draw a firearm, how to assess the threat, and when to de-escalate or retreat. Mental exercises that simulate real-life decision-making scenarios, such as determining whether to use deadly force, help prepare individuals for the high-stakes choices they may need to make.

Conclusion

Mental preparation for firearms use is just as important as physical training. Overcoming fear, building confidence, and understanding the psychological effects of combat shooting are crucial components of becoming a competent and responsible gun owner. Fear can be managed through exposure and mental conditioning, while confidence grows through consistent training and experience. Furthermore, understanding the emotional and psychological burdens of using deadly force helps to prepare individuals for the aftermath of a real-life self-defense encounter. Firearms training that incorporates mental preparedness, decision-making under pressure, and stress inoculation provides a comprehensive approach to gun ownership and self-defense, ensuring that individuals are ready both physically and mentally for any situation that may arise. The Michigan Pistol Academy is in Rochester Hills and Royal Oak, Michigan and provides comprehensive firearm training and education in the state of Michigan.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Are You Training At The Right Distance: Education-Safety-Law

Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:00:05 Z

Am I Training at the Right Distance for Defensive Shooting?

When it comes to defensive shooting, one of the most critical factors to consider is the distance at which you train. Many real-world defensive encounters occur at close range, and your training should reflect the most likely scenarios you might face. However, incorporating various distances into your training can significantly improve your overall shooting skills, reaction time, and situational awareness.

Understanding the Importance of Distance in Defensive Shooting

In a defensive shooting scenario, you are not preparing for a controlled competition setting. Instead, you are preparing for unpredictable and high-stress situations where reaction time and accuracy under pressure are crucial. Studies of real-world shootings, such as law enforcement and civilian self-defense cases, show that most engagements occur within a very short distance. This knowledge should guide the way you structure your training sessions.

The Common Distances for Defensive Shooting

Defensive shooting distances typically fall within the following ranges:

0–3 Yards: Extreme Close-Quarters

This is the most dangerous and demanding range for defensive shooting. Many altercations begin at a distance where an assailant is within arm’s reach, meaning your ability to draw and fire quickly while possibly being in physical contact with the threat is critical.

At this range, your training should include:

Retention shooting: Keeping the firearm close to the body to prevent an assailant from grabbing it.

Point shooting: Engaging without using sights due to the extreme proximity.

Movement drills: Practicing sidestepping or creating space while drawing and firing.

One-handed shooting: Since your other hand may be used for blocking or striking.

Weapon retention techniques: To prevent an assailant from disarming you.

3–7 Yards: The Most Common Defensive Engagement Distance

The majority of self-defense shootings occur within this range. Training at 3–7 yards allows you to develop speed and accuracy under realistic conditions.

Key drills at this range include:

Draw and fire drills: Practicing rapid draws from concealment.

Controlled pairs and failure drills: Engaging the target with multiple shots to ensure effective stopping power.

Target transitions: Switching focus between multiple threats.

Use of cover: Learning how to engage threats while utilizing objects as cover.

Low-light shooting: Practicing with a flashlight or in reduced visibility conditions.

7–15 Yards: Increased Distance for Defensive Situations

While less common, engagements at this distance can still occur, particularly in home defense or outdoor scenarios. Training at 7–15 yards enhances your accuracy and ensures that you can effectively engage a threat that is not immediately upon you.

Training at this range should include:

Precision shooting: Focusing on shot placement rather than speed.

Movement while shooting: Practicing lateral movement while engaging the target.

Use of barricades and cover: Simulating real-world defensive scenarios.

Malfunction drills: Ensuring that you can quickly clear jams and continue engaging.

15+ Yards: The Outer Limits of Defensive Shooting

Beyond 15 yards, the likelihood of a defensive shooting scenario occurring decreases significantly. However, there are exceptions, such as active shooter situations or threats encountered in rural settings. Training at this distance is valuable for improving fundamental marksmanship skills.

Drills at this range should focus on:

Sight alignment and trigger control: Precision becomes more important.

Slow-fire accuracy drills: Ensuring shots land effectively on target.

Scenario-based training: Practicing for situations where a long-distance shot may be required, such as protecting others in a public space.

How to Determine the Right Distance for Your Training

To decide if you are training at the right distance, consider the following factors:

Your Daily Environment

If you primarily carry a firearm for self-defense in urban areas, your training should prioritize close-quarters engagements (0–7 yards). If you live in a more rural setting, longer-distance training may be more applicable.

Your Defensive Goals

Concealed Carry Holders: Should focus on 3–7 yards, as most threats will be within that range.

Home Defense: Should include training at 3–15 yards, reflecting common home layouts.

Security or Law Enforcement: May require training at a wider range of distances to prepare for various situations.

Realistic Scenario Training

If your training only includes static shooting at one distance, you may not be adequately prepared for a dynamic real-world encounter. Incorporate scenario-based training, movement drills, and stress-inducing conditions to simulate realistic threats.

The Role of Movement in Distance Training

Real-world defensive shooting is not static. Engaging a threat while moving, retreating, or seeking cover is a vital skill. Your training should include:

Shooting while stepping laterally.

Engaging while retreating or advancing.

Moving to cover before engaging.

Engaging from different shooting positions (kneeling, prone, behind barriers).

Incorporating Dry Fire Training

Not all defensive shooting training requires live fire. Dry fire practice can be highly beneficial in improving your accuracy and speed at various distances. Practicing drawing, aiming, and trigger control at home can make a significant difference in your live-fire performance.

The Importance of Shot Placement Over Distance

While distance is important, the ability to hit vital areas on a threat is even more critical. A well-placed shot at close range is more effective than multiple poorly placed shots at a longer distance. Train to ensure that each shot you fire is deliberate and effective, regardless of range.

Final Thoughts: Are You Training at the Right Distance?

If your training is only focused on one particular distance, you may be limiting your ability to react to real-world threats effectively. A well-rounded defensive shooter practices at varying distances, incorporates movement, and simulates realistic encounters.

Evaluate your current training routine:

Are you incorporating close-range retention shooting?

Are you practicing at the most statistically relevant distances?

Are you training for both speed and accuracy?

Are you including movement and real-world scenarios?

By addressing these questions and refining your training regimen, you can ensure that you are truly prepared for a defensive shooting situation, no matter the distance at which it occurs.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

What Does It Take to Be Prepared to Defend Yourself

Mon, 10 Feb 2025 15:32:03 Z

When you make the decision to buy your first firearm for self-defense, there comes a great responsibility to get the proper training in order to be safe and stay on the right side of the law. Over the many years of training students of all levels of experience, I find most individuals want to do the right thing, but then there are others that buy a gun and never train. I tell my students up front in my beginner's class that owning a firearm without the proper training will give them a false sense of security. My recommendation is live fire training, or at the very least, dry fire when they are not able to get to the range as often as they should. It’s not necessary to fire 100+ rounds each time they get out, but they need to practice completely from the holster draw to placing the firearm back in the holster developing memory pathways so it becomes a natural process.

To be a good, prepared defender, it takes much more than learning the safety aspects and proper firearm handling. It takes constant practice to develop the skills to evaluate and make the right decisions in split seconds. Many students never train under some sort of stress and then react to the adrenaline in a negative manner when faced with a life-or-death situation. When practicing, there are natural instinctive moves and reactions that will take over the body and mind. Unless you practice and incorporate these movements and reactions into your regular training, you will fail at the speed and accuracy needed to prevail in the critical defense situation.

When we are faced with a critical defense situation and the adrenaline kicks in, we hesitate and fumble with the firearm, losing the ability to think clearly. Over the many years since police dash cams, great defensive training has emerged. Police were trained one way and when they were in a critical defense situation, they were at a disadvantage. They were always taught that you fight the way you train, but in reality, we should train the way we fight. By this I mean we need to incorporate the natural responses that our body goes through when startled.

One of the most ignored factors of being prepared to defend yourself is what kind of shape you are in. Being capable to endure a stressful situation, you must have the stamina to outlast your opponent. Many defensive situations begin with physical confrontation and using a firearm can and most likely will be secondary and not necessary. Being in good condition, taking the time to do strength training and cardio exercises, is essential to being prepared.

I teach and recommend to my students that learning effective hand-to-hand techniques will increase your odds of surviving an attack. Since many defensive situations begin with physical contact, as I previously stated, and might be sufficient to subdue your attacker without the use of deadly force, you must have the skills to get out of the grasp of the attacker so you can either get away or give you adequate time to get enough distance to access your defensive weapon if necessary. There are many instances where you might not have your firearm on your body due to state or federal laws, and you need to prepare how to protect yourself and your loved ones.

In my Unarmed Defensive Tactics Course, I teach 30 techniques on how to defend yourself against grabs, chokes, and weapons attacks. I teach around five techniques in each category, and I tell my students to choose two or three in each category that they feel most comfortable with and then practice them regularly, so they become second nature and build the necessary pathway of muscle memory. It needs to be an automated response to be most effective.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Rotating and Culling Carry Ammunition

Mon, 03 Feb 2025 19:46:41 Z

Recently, I've come across numerous social media posts discussing how often one should rotate their carry ammunition. Many suggest a specific timeframe, such as every six months. However, during a recent training class, I learned a method that I believe is more effective, based on real-world experiences. Additionally, I want to share some techniques I've used for several years to evaluate carry ammo against specific criteria before trusting my life to it. Let’s dive in.

Carry Ammo Preparation

I'm assuming you have already selected your brand of carry ammunition, so I won't spend much time on this subject, as there is a plethora of information available. Law enforcement agencies and ammunition manufacturers have invested significant resources in extensive testing of common types of carry ammunition. Use these tests to help guide your choices. Since 2007, I have exclusively carried Speer Gold Dot or Federal HST. There isn’t an appreciable advantage to one over the other, except for availability; sometimes, one is in stock when the other is not.

Always test your specific carry gun with the magazines you will carry, using the ammunition you intend to use. This evaluation not only verifies reliability but also checks the point of aim and point of impact if you are using iron sights. If you're using a pistol-mounted optic, take this opportunity to zero it with your carry ammunition. How much carry ammo should you fire to verify reliability? For me, that number is 200 rounds. If you can shoot more, that's even better.

I advise caution when selecting "specialty" ammunition with catchy names and projectiles designed to fragment or have petals that tear off into multiple pieces. It is best to choose something that is tried and true. For reasons that will become clearer later in this article, I purchase my carry ammo in cases of 1,000 rounds, and when stored correctly, it can last me a few years while remaining reliable. Now, let's get to the main points.

Rotating Ammunition

In addition to rotating your ammunition every six months or once a year, have you ever considered how many times a particular round has been chambered in your carry pistol and why this is important? Early in my law enforcement career, I had a co-worker who would unload his weapon at the end of his shift and reload it when returning to duty. One time, while at the range, he showed me a round that he had chambered and rechambered day after day. I was shocked to see how much the projectile was set back into the brass. Although I didn't have calipers to measure it, it was evident that the setback was significant enough to pose a danger. I cautioned him against firing it because it was a .40 S\&W high-pressure duty round. At that time, we only qualified with our carry ammunition once a year and issued fresh rounds for the following year. Consequently, he had cycled that particular round hundreds of times.

From then on, I decided if I noticed a setback in my primary round, I would discontinue using it. However, when I attended my first class with Tom Givens, he shared some information that I found very interesting. He cited a case involving a law enforcement officer who cycled the same round through his duty gun multiple times, much like my friend. This officer also unloaded his gun at the end of every shift and reloaded it before returning to duty.

During a use-of-force situation, the officer attempted to fire his weapon, but the round did not discharge. Fortunately, he was able to perform an immediate action drill and resolve the situation. Upon returning the inert round to the ammunition manufacturer for examination, they determined that repeated chambering had knocked the priming compound out of the primer. The compound then sifted through the flash hole in the primer pocket, rendering the round inoperative.

Since attending that class, I've adopted Tom's advice. Whenever I eject a round to dry fire or clean my carry gun, I mark the head of the case with a line using a Sharpie. If I eject the same round a second time, I add another mark, forming a cross to make it more distinctive. When a round has two lines on it, the next time I eject it, I load it into the bottom of my magazine. Once all the rounds in my primary magazine have two marks, I transfer them to my spare magazine. When I need to rotate in more ammunition because all the rounds have two marks, they are added to my training stash. Many instructors recommend using your carry rounds in low-light classes to observe the muzzle flash in the dark; I reserve these marked rounds for that purpose.

Culling Carry Ammo

Many assume that because defensive ammunition costs a premium, so it must undergo extra quality control measures and be flawless when it leaves the factory. However, after participating in extensive training courses that required duty ammunition, I have witnessed enough round failures to raise concerns.

When I first started at my previous agency, I heard the story of an officer who, during qualification a few months earlier, experienced a failure to fire with the duty ammo he was using. Instinctively, he performed an immediate action drill. When he pulled the trigger on the next round, the pistol was locked up. It was later determined that the first round had no powder in it. The primer had just enough force to push the bullet into the barrel, causing it to lodge there.

The subsequent live round firing pushed the projectile out when he performed the immediate action drill. However, the pressure generated from this action caused a swell in the barrel, which seized the slide and barrel together. As a result, his pistol was rendered useless until the officer returned the gun to the factory for repairs. It's important to note that while the ammunition manufacturer would cover the damages, the process would take several months to resolve. This situation is worth considering when deciding whether or not to carry a backup weapon.

Listening to the officer tell his story triggered my reloader instincts. I've been reloading my handgun ammunition since I was 14 and have developed quality control measures over the years. While many people use similar methods, I will discuss how you can adapt these techniques to carry ammunition.

At the police department, we ordered our ammunition for the year in January after receiving our new budget. We typically qualified in May or June, which meant the ammunition would arrive and sit in storage for a few months before we qualified with the previous year's ammo and issued the new supplies for duty. We didn't shoot only once a year; we conducted the state-mandated CPOST qualification course annually, while our monthly training used training ammunition.

During the interim period between the ammunition's arrival and qualification, I conducted two quality control checks on each round before issuing it to officers. These checks helped maximize their chances of functioning reliably.

Quality Control Checks

The first test is straightforward and doesn't require much equipment. I ran each round through a case gauge. I chose to use a case gauge instead of a plunk test in a barrel because the tolerances of a case gauge are made to SAAMI specifications. This check ensures that, as long as a chamber is within spec, the round of ammunition will fit. Testing rounds used in various pistols can be problematic since one chamber may have looser tolerances. Even if a round fits in one barrel, it may not fit in another that conforms to closer tolerances. Removing the barrel and performing a plunk test is acceptable for rounds intended for a single gun.

The next test is a bit more complex. I take one round from the new lot and use a collet puller in a single-stage reloading press to remove the projectile. I empty the powder from the case and then place the projectile and primed case on my reloading scale, zeroing the weight. After gauging the rounds, I weigh the loaded rounds on the scale. In theory, this gives me the weight of the powder charge in the case.

I say "in theory" because there are considerable tolerances when you factor in the weight of the projectile, brass, and primer. We're not testing for precision ammunition here; we need to ensure enough powder in the cartridge to guarantee reliable and relatively consistent performance. If a round weighs one grain less or more than the average, I'll set it aside as training ammo.

While these techniques aren't foolproof, they can significantly enhance your confidence in your self-defense system with only a minimal commitment of time and resources. By implementing these strategies, you can achieve greater peace of mind, knowing you have taken proactive steps toward reliability.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Flying With Firearms

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 16:14:55 Z

In the previous two posts, I’ve shared some basics of traveling with firearms and traveling while armed. Now in this third and final installment, I’m going to address flying within the United States with firearms. As always, this blog post is not legal advice. If you have any questions, you should contact a qualified lawyer for your specific situation.

Rules of Flying With Firearms

To be clear, without the appropriate law enforcement badge and clearance, you cannot fly armed. You can only fly with firearms in checked luggage, UNDERNEATH THE PLANE.

This post is about domestic flights only; traveling internationally with firearms becomes immensely more complicated and can change with every nation you may choose to fly to. While the basics of flying with a firearm are relatively simple, it’s something that must be done carefully with thoughtful planning.

The following are some basics to help you prepare, but you should also review the TSA website (https://www.tsa.gov/travel/transporting-firearms-and-ammunition) and your particular airline for the most current regulations before you leave for the airport:

The firearm must be in your checked baggage, unloaded in a hard-sided container, and locked securely. You absolutely cannot carry a firearm, ammunition, or any firearm parts, such as firing pins, bolts, and magazines into the cabin. (Optics such as a rifle scope can be carried on, though.)
You must use a hard case with at least one lock that only you have the ability to unlock. While a TSA-approved lock is acceptable under TSA regulations, I’d suggest a lock that you must be present to unlock. If the case has a spot for two locks on both sides, you must do that. The box must be locked in a way that ensures it can’t be pried open from any side. If you use a pistol case that fits inside your suitcase, securing it to the rest of the suitcase with a bicycle chain or something similar is a wise extra precaution. I also suggest that you put an Airtag, Tile, Chipolo, or other electronic tracking device inside your locked gun case.
Your gun must be unloaded, and the ammunition should be removed from the magazine and placed in a separate box designed to carry ammo. I usually suggest that it be carried in the factory box or something like an MTM plastic box. (https://mtmcase-gard.com/products/ammo-box-50-round-flip-top-9mm-380-acp) (It’s worth noting that most airlines limit the total amount of ammunition you can carry in your luggage to 11 pounds.)
Once you arrive at the airport, you will need to go to your airline’s counter to check your firearm with the rest of your luggage. At the counter, calmly tell the agent that you have a firearm you need to check. (I’d advise you to word it more carefully than just, “I have a gun!”) The clerk will ask you to fill out a declaration form; politely follow all of the counter clerk’s directions. It would be smart to carry printed TSA regulations and your airline’s regulations on traveling with a firearm to have handy in case the clerk is unsure what to do. Before it is checked and your baggage is on its way, be sure the key to access your gun case is on your person. Do not make the mistake of leaving the keys inside your checked luggage!
When you arrive at your destination, follow the airline’s policy on retrieving your luggage with your firearm. Some airlines will just put your luggage on the carousel like usual while others will require you to go to an office to show your ID and retrieve your luggage. Be sure to ask the clerk when you check your luggage what the policy is for your airline.

The firearm that you take with you must be legal to possess at your destination. As I say repeatedly, ignorance of the law is no excuse. Choose wisely when deciding what to carry on your travels. I recently heard famed trainer Darryl Bolke say in a podcast interview, “It’s like traveling with golf clubs,” when it comes to traveling with a small revolver that may garner less attention than a large semi-automatic pistol. His point was simple: travel with something more commonly accepted under city or state laws (and possibly a jury) whenever possible.

If you end up diverted or stuck in an airport where you didn’t intend, DO NOT take possession of your luggage if it has a firearm in it that is not legal in that locale. Make sure it goes on to your final destination, though. This means you need to be aware of the laws of where your layover is. Personally, I’ve always been careful to choose layovers that are not as “dangerous” if I am traveling with a gun. For instance, I’m hesitant to fly through Chicago Midway or O’Hare in the dead of winter when I may get stuck if the weather isn’t cooperative. A layover in Atlanta or Charlotte may be wiser. I realize this may sound extreme, but I’d rather be considered overly cautious than a convicted felon. My position on this was reinforced by hearing Bolke, in the same interview, say, “You have no idea where that plane is going to land...You might be going from one gun-friendly state to another gun-friendly state, and something happens, and you land…in a place that hates semi-automatic anything, that has magazine bans, that has ammunition restrictions…” He’s 100% right!

When looking at your choices for travel, pay attention to your method of travel to your final destination. Gun writer and pro-shooter Kenzie Fitzpatrick recounted a story to me that she once thought she had a connecting flight, and once she arrived at her layover, her next “flight” ended up being a connecting bus that forbade firearms even in checked luggage. The “connecting bus” is more common than many of us would think, especially when transiting from larger airports to smaller airports in close proximity (an hour or so drive). Instead of her connection, she ended up having to scramble for a rental car to avoid a nightmare of more delays.

Lastly, when traveling, it is imperative that you be sure of what is in your luggage and on your person at all times. A client of mine accidentally left her carry gun in her purse as she attempted to get through a TSA checkpoint to her flight. Not only did she miss her flight, but she ended up spending the remainder of the evening in jail and authorities ceased her firearm permanently as a part of the penalty. An empty brass casing left in a coat pocket, in the bottom of a duffel bag, or worse yet, live rounds, magazines, or a gun in a bag could lead to significant legal trouble before departure. For this reason, I suggest keeping range attire and a range bag separate from what you would usually travel with. Range bags are cheap, separate carry-on luggage is cheap; forfeiting your gun permanently, attorneys, fines, and TSA civil penalties are not cheap.

Conclusion

I realize some of my advice may sound extreme to seasoned travelers, and I’m okay with that judgment. Traveling with firearms is simple but, as with anything firearm-related, there is little room for error. Your error here may not take a life or limb; it could destroy your life with a felony at worst or be an expensive and annoying consequence of losing or having your firearm stolen at best. An ounce of educated prevention here is worth a pound of cure!

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Maximize Your Personal Safety with Proven Executive Protection Strategies

Wed, 22 Jan 2025 18:20:13 Z

You might look at the title of this article and wonder, “What do I have in common with those who safeguard dignitaries or high-profile celebrities?” The truth is, not all executive protection agents operate in teams; many rely heavily on their instincts individually to ensure the safety of their clients and themselves.

Qualified executive protection practitioners possess two types of skills: soft skills and hard skills. Hard skills are what most people typically associate with this profession, such as shooting, defensive tactics, physical fitness, medical training, and driving skills. However, true professionals in the industry take pride in their soft skills.

In my early 20s, I was drawn to the allure of this profession, shaped by my misconceptions about the job from movies. However, after enrolling in several courses and conducting extensive research, I discovered that a career in law enforcement, particularly within a tactical unit, aligned better with my skills and passions at that time.

Interestingly, the very elements of executive protection that initially deterred me ultimately became invaluable in my training of future clients. I learned that if an agent must physically confront a threat or draw a weapon, it signifies a failure in their duties. It would make sense that a person concerned for their own security and that of their family would prefer to recognize the signs of a potential threat before it escalates, thus avoiding confrontation altogether, just like the executive protection agent.

This article will focus on the soft skills necessary for translating executive protection techniques into personal security measures. Please don't misunderstand me: I'm not suggesting you stop going to the range or the gym. Even the best in the business can miss signs at times, and agents need to be ready to intervene with physical and, when necessary, deadly force. These skills must be maintained so you can use them decisively and instinctively when required. Let’s begin.

Threat Assessment/Risk Mitigation 

A threat assessment is the first step when an executive protection practitioner takes on a new client. It helps the agent gauge the potential threats the client may face and establish a plan to mitigate those risks. In your case, the assessment may not take as long since you should already have a good understanding of the threats facing you and your family.

However, you can spend some time on the mitigation aspect. When considering your home, how effective is your security system? Do you have exterior cameras that allow you to monitor any suspicious activity around your house while you’re away? Are there motion-activated lights that could deter someone thinking of casing your home? What about a dog that will alert you if someone is around who shouldn’t be there? Have you secured entrances with high-quality locks and reinforced mounting hardware?

What are some ways to mitigate your risk? If you need to visit a store in a high-crime area, try to schedule your visit during the day when you can be more aware of your surroundings and the likelihood of a threat is lower.

Situational Awareness

At the core of executive protection lies situational awareness. This concept is often mentioned, yet its importance cannot be overstated. Being acutely aware of our surroundings is essential, particularly in crowded public spaces or areas known for risks. Jeff Cooper is credited with being the first firearms instructor to integrate situational awareness into his training through his Color Codes of Awareness.

A significant barrier to situational awareness is people's reliance on electronic devices, especially smartphones. While these devices are crucial in our lives, we can manage our usage effectively. Focusing on our phones makes it difficult to pay attention to our surroundings.

Consider using the 5 and 25 scanning method whenever you're about to exit a vehicle or a building. First, scan the area within 5 yards of you; once that area is clear, extend your scan to 25 yards to ensure there aren’t any threats or hazards further away. It’s also important to remember that after scanning your surroundings, it’s not an excuse to pull out your phone and ignore your environment for the rest of your trip. You must remain vigilant.

Threat Recognition Through Body Language 

As we progress, it’s crucial to examine what we should be observing within crowds and among individuals. Our goal is to identify potentially hazardous behaviors by recognizing key behavioral indicators. In fact, an entire article could be devoted to the nuances of human behavior that can signal someone’s intention to engage in nefarious activities. Furthermore, understanding when someone is preparing to act inappropriately is essential for effective personal security.

Observe the body language, demeanor, and clothing choices of those around you. Notice if someone is overly focused on something that seems to go unnoticed by others. Are they dressed in a way that feels inappropriate for the season, as if they are making a significant effort to hide something that they’re trying to conceal.

Cover and Evacuation

If you find yourself in a situation where you must leave quickly, it’s crucial to do so as discreetly as possible. Drawing attention to yourself while evacuating can put you and your family in even greater danger, as it will draw the focus to you. Your primary responsibility is to ensure their safety, and then consider your own. Once you are safe, it’s vital to report any suspicious activity to the appropriate authorities.

In my law enforcement career, I experienced situations where confrontations arose with individuals I had previously arrested. One distressing encounter happened during a grocery store visit, and it made me realize the importance of having a plan in place for my family. To avoid similar situations in the future, we established a clear signal.

From that moment forward, if I spotted someone who posed a threat, and I needed my family to leave immediately. I informed my wife that if I ever called her "Lauren" and mentioned I just received a message indicating we had to go, it was imperative that we drop everything and exit calmly. The significance of using the name "Lauren"—even though it’s not hers—was that it prevented any instinctual questions like “Why?” and allowed us to leave promptly and safely, knowing I would explain when I had the opportunity.

Conclusion

This article provides a glimpse into the various aspects of executive protection that can also apply to personal safety for individuals. Other topics you could research include counter-surveillance, evasive driving, and medical training. Medical training should not only focus on traumatic injuries but also cover the use of AEDs and CPR. If you have the chance to take a class in executive protection, I highly recommend participating, regardless of whether you plan to pursue a career in the industry.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

Threat Recognition Through Body Language

Tue, 14 Jan 2025 15:29:03 Z

In my previous article, "Maximize Your Personal Safety with Proven Executive Protection Strategies," I mentioned "Threat Recognition Through Body Language." I also mentioned that an entire article could be written on that aspect alone; it would have been more accurate to say that a whole book could be written.

I've put together some basic introductory skills that can help you take control of your environment. Let's explore these techniques that will sharpen your observational skills and help you identify potentially dangerous human behavior more effectively. In this article, I'm going to focus on scanning crowds and/or individuals from afar so we can predict a dangerous encounter, to evacuate you and/or your family before a situation fully develops into a critical incident.

Crowd Scanning

These days, we spend a lot of time around crowds of people, whether at a store, a concert, or another venue. If you're in a location with a crowd of people, it can be difficult to pick up on specific threats. Begin by scanning the crowd from left to right. Move your gaze gradually across the area, stopping every few degrees to take in different groups and individuals. This method allows you to gather a broader context of the environment.

Individual Focus

After scanning the crowd, concentrate on specific individuals within the crowd. Shift your attention to their behavior and actions to gain deeper insights into unusual patterns or interactions. Pay particular attention to anyone who is not reacting as the rest of the crowd is. A specific example of this are photos taken immediately before the assassination attempt of President Ronald Regan. While most of the crowd was smiling and taking in the moment of being in the presence of the President of the United States, John Hinkley had an almost expressionless look on his face. He was laser-focused on bringing the plan he had in his head to fruition.

Instincts and Relaxation

It's essential to stay relaxed while observing. Trust your instincts about the situation; often, your intuition can pick up on subtle cues that your conscious mind might overlook. "The Gift of Fear" by Gavin de Becker is an excellent resource for paying attention to your inner voice. Even though a whole section is dedicated to how bad firearms are, the sound information in the book far outweighs the diatribe.

Utilizing Peripheral Vision

Avoid becoming overly focused on just one element or individual. Allow your peripheral vision to remain active, enabling you to notice additional details and movements that might otherwise go unnoticed.

What Are We Looking For? 

When observing or having contact with unknown people, we look at the key indicators. For our purposes, pay particular attention to the hands and faces of those you observe. These areas are often the most expressive and can reveal much about a person's emotional state, intentions, or reactions to their surroundings. Facial expressions are key. It's often said the eyes are the windows into a person's soul; however, facial expressions frequently show involuntary reactions, even more so than the eyes.

In my early years of law enforcement, an experienced officer told me to always keep my eyes on the hands of people I encountered. Not only could the hands be used as personal weapons but also carry more serious deadly weapons, and the hands had to facilitate an assault. It made a lot of sense, and I always kept this in mind when dealing with unknown contacts. The hands were consistently observed, even if they were in my peripheral vision.

Now that we've introduced you to the art of observation and covered the key indicators of the face and hands, let's dive into our next mission: identifying any inconsistencies or disruptions in the flow of events around us. In my career, I have dealt with several emotionally charged people. Sometimes, they make it very clear they're having an issue, whether a mental health episode, a domestic dispute, or substance abuse are causing it. In most cases I worked, I could predict that I would have to go hands-on with a suspect. These indicators are apparent: clenched and bared teeth, tightening fists, being extremely loud verbally, etc.

If you encounter a person like this, you'll know it well in advance. Keep in mind that you're acting as the protective agent for your family and yourself. The best thing you can do is to avoid this situation. Even if a situation like this is blocking the only exit to the store you're in, turn around, spend a little bit more time inside, and wait for the scene to clear before exiting. Make sure your family stays close to you in case things escalate and get really crazy; then, you can evacuate together instead of having to locate a family member while trying to negotiate a volatile situation.

What about those situations when you're dealing with a criminal who isn't emotionally charged, has been in his game for a few years, and is more secretive about their intentions? This kind of person can sometimes be dissuaded by presence alone. However, you may have to engage with this kind of person. I've experienced most of these cases during vacations in larger cities like New Orleans. My then-wife and I were looking at a street map on a sidewalk.  A man passed us, and I watched him in the reflection of the map's plexiglass covering. After he made it a few steps past us, he turned around and returned toward us. I turned around, stepped between him and my wife, created distance, and asked if there was anything I could do to help him. He then mumbled some excuse and turned back around and went in the other direction. I’m lucky this worked I suppose, but I knew if it didn’t I had already made my plan to respond to a physical attack, or even a knife or a gun.

Suppose you want a PHD in dealing with unknown contacts. In that case, I highly recommend taking the Shiworks Extreme Close Quarters Combat class. The Friday evening before the weekend kicks off is Craig Douglas' Managing Unknown Contacts class, and it's worth its weight in gold. To this date, the three-day class is one of the most beneficial training experiences I've ever had. I've used the techniques taught to me by Craig on several occasions, and I can attest to their real-world effectiveness.

By paying attention to these engaging verbal and nonverbal elements, we can deepen our understanding of the dynamics at play in any situation. Our observant and analytical nature fosters a safer environment for ourselves and others. It enhances our ability to navigate complex social interactions with confidence.

Making Yourself a More Difficult Target

One of the most advantageous practices you can adopt regarding body language and enhancing personal safety is to pay close attention to how you carry yourself. To begin with, maintaining good posture is essential; stand straight with your shoulders back and your spine aligned, as this conveys confidence and makes you appear more assertive.

As you walk, do so purposefully and confidently; take measured strides rather than shuffling along. This purposeful movement can significantly impact how others perceive you. Furthermore, keep your head held high and your gaze slightly ahead, which helps you stay aware of your surroundings and projects self-assurance.

Staying alert is critical—be mindful of the people and environment around you. Demonstrating that you are observant and engaged sends a clear message to potential threats: you are not an easy target. This awareness can also help you react appropriately to any unforeseen situations.

It's essential to recognize that, much like predators in the animal kingdom, criminals often select targets that exhibit signs of vulnerability or distraction. By presenting yourself as confident and aware, you significantly reduce the likelihood of becoming a victim, as you give off the impression that you are prepared to handle any challenges that may arise.

In Closing

By mastering these observation skills and understanding the subtleties of body language, you're positioning yourself to recognize danger before it becomes imminent. Remember, safety is not just about reacting to threats but proactively creating a secure environment for yourself and those around you.

As you practice these techniques, remain patient and allow your skills to develop over time. Each encounter offers a learning opportunity, enhancing your instincts and observational abilities. Stay vigilant, trust your intuition, and continuously strive for awareness in your surroundings. With these tools at your disposal, you will navigate environments with greater confidence and poise, ultimately maximizing your personal safety.

Interested in taking a firearms class near you? Trainers, register as a shooting instructor today.

How to Prepare for a Range Session: A Student's Point of View

Tue, 05 Nov 2024 11:42:46 Z

For many of us, whether industry professionals, trainers, law enforcement, or just other gun enthusiasts, we normally have an idea of what to bring to a range day or shooting class.

Many times, when we take classes ourselves, we probably exceed the instructor's requirements with equipment and that sort of thing. But, I wanted to approach this blog article from the student's point of view.

First Timer Feelings

I’ve been training law enforcement and civilians alike since 2004, and the one thing I have found is that many students are new to the "gun game," and some may be apprehensive or, at the very least, a little bit nervous before they come to a live fire event.

The student likely feels the optimism of learning something new but yes, also has some stress about what it will be like.

Stress can be from the unknown, coming into an environment that they normally don’t experience like a grocery store, or even taking a night class at a local college. Who’s going to be there? How will they be dressed? How will they act? Are these guys going to be super serious? What equipment am I going to need? And the list of questions and anticipation goes on and on.

There certainly are trainers out there with more experience than I have, and maybe there are more factors, but I broke this blog down into two considerations as your students get ready to take an event with you.

Expectations & Preparation

If your student enrolled via ShootingClasses.com, they hopefully will have read the equipment and outcomes sections of your listing. Use clear, non-jargon language like "perfect for beginners" or "our most popular class" as examples.

Clearly establish prerequisites or other benchmarking that the student would need to have before they take your class. If it’s a beginner class, make sure you outline that with language that supports the fact that they may have never fired a handgun before. If it’s an advanced pistol class, enumerate all the skill sets that the student should already have been exposed to and maybe change the language to "this course will challenge you."

Equipment Requirements

Not unlike expectations, we list our equipment needs on our class listing. But what good does that do for us if we use jargon or technical terms?

I’m sure many instructors have conducted an advanced pistol class only to have someone show up with only one magazine or an inappropriate holster. If you plan on shooting close to 300 rounds, make sure that you tell the student to bring more than that.

If you have low enrollments for that class, maybe having extra rounds will allow you to do more drills with the existing students. Giving your students more drills and more exposure is never a bad thing.

Be specific when it comes to equipment requirements. If you’re doing an advanced rifle class, maybe a full kit is in order, and spell that out. If you’re going to require specific equipment, consider putting links on your personal website with photos. Don’t be afraid to have a student contact you directly through email or text message for issues of clarification. A well-equipped student saves you time and saves them stress.

Help Your Students Help You

In closing, put yourself in the shoes of an adult going back to college. What would you like to know before that first night class? Giving students clear direction prior to class drops their stress levels and allows them to focus on learning.

Is Combat Shooting a Martial Art?

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 10:01:54 Z

The question of whether shooting qualifies as a martial art has sparked considerable debate among practitioners and scholars of both disciplines. Traditional martial arts, often characterized by their ancient origins, codified techniques, and philosophical underpinnings, seem worlds apart from the modern practice of combat shooting, which is typically associated with law enforcement, military training, and self-defense. Though seemingly disparate disciplines, combat shooting, and traditional martial arts, upon closer examination, reveal they share a multitude of commonalities that link them together as will be discussed here.

By examining the historical context, philosophical foundations, training methodologies, physical and technical aspects, and the ethical dimensions of both practices, we can better understand how shooting and traditional martial arts are intertwined. This article delves into these shared elements and explores the commonalities and differences between combat shooting and traditional martial arts, ultimately arguing that combat shooting can indeed be considered a martial art, particularly when viewed through the lens of its historical, philosophical, and practical components.

Historical Context - Evolution and Cultural Significance

Traditional martial arts have a rich history that spans centuries and many cultures and are deeply rooted in the history of human civilization. From the disciplined samurai of Japan practicing Kendo and Kyudo (the way of the bow) to the Shaolin monks of China mastering Chuan-Fa, these arts were initially developed as systems of combat but later, along with Japanese Karate, and Korean Taekwondo, they evolved as pathways to personal and spiritual growth. They encompass a wide range of practices, including striking, grappling, and the use of various weapons. Similarly, shooting has a long history - initially developed for hunting and later refined for military purposes. Firearms training became essential for soldiers, law enforcement, and armed civilians, evolving into a structured discipline that emphasized precision and control.

Shooting as a Martial Discipline - Integration of Weaponry

During the 17th century, commoners were banned from carrying weapons, so they improvised with farming tools to always have a weapon at their disposal. Some of the most popular weapons that began as farming equipment include the nunchaku, sai, and the bo. Each was a farming instrument that was adapted, out of need and necessity and transformed into a weapon. For example, the modern use of the bo is believed to have evolved from the long stick which was used by commoners to balance buckets, or baskets, across the middle of the back at the shoulders, to carry harvested crops, buckets of water, or fish.

Both combat shooting and martial arts have incorporated weapons as integral components in their training. Traditional martial arts often include weapon forms, such as the Japanese Kenjutsu (swordsmanship), Bojutsu (staff fighting), and Kyudo (archery). These practices emphasize the seamless integration of weapon techniques with unarmed combat skills. Similarly, combat shooting involves the mastery of various firearms, each requiring specific techniques and a complete understanding of their mechanics. The historical integration of weaponry in both fields underscores the importance of versatility and adaptability in combat.

Combat shooting has a long history, rooted in the need for protection and self-defense. The use of projectile weapons like bows and arrows dates to prehistoric times, while firearms became prominent during the Renaissance and late Middle Ages (1300-1500). In many cultures, the use of firearms was integrated into the existing martial traditions. For instance, the samurai of Japan adapted to the introduction of matchlock guns in the mid-1500s, and European knights incorporated muskets into their arsenals between 1420-1430. The development of marksmanship skills has always required rigorous training, discipline, and a strategic mindset, paralleling the qualities found in traditional martial arts.

Other examples of “weapons of war” being relegated to competition venues are the Olympic Games. Consider the discus, shotput, and javelin as examples of man-propelled projectiles. Look to Scotland and the Highland Games as here too, the hammer and other man-propelled weapons of war found their way into the competition setting. The martial origin of these “games”, in various societies, cultures, and places around the world, used these competitions as preparation and conditioning for battle, war, and self-defense.

Mental Discipline & Focus - Philosophical Foundations

Combat shooting and traditional martial arts both emphasize the importance of mental discipline and focus. In shooting, achieving precision requires the shooter to maintain a calm and concentrated mind, controlling their breathing, and, at times, even their heartbeat. During firearms training, many instructors teach students to perform what is generally called “scan and assess”. This ensures the student scans the area to their immediate front and periphery and then assesses the area behind them for additional threats or assistance. In addition, this movement helps in breaking up ‘tunnel vision’ and allows for a chance for the individual to focus on their environmental awareness. This mental clarity is akin to the focus required in martial arts, where practitioners must remain aware of their surroundings and anticipate their opponent’s moves. This is the concept of "zanshin" (‘remaining mind’) and denotes a state of awareness or relaxed alertness, which is equally applicable to combat shooting.

Another concept in traditional martial arts is "mushin" or "no mind," where the practitioner acts instinctively without conscious thought. This mental state is crucial for executing techniques with precision and timing. Similarly, combat shooting requires a high degree of mental focus and clarity. Shooters must maintain a calm and concentrated mind to achieve accuracy, particularly in high-stress situations. The ability to perform certain skills (i.e., reloading) without conscious thought can be crucial. Motor learning (i.e., muscle memory) will be discussed in another section.

Discipline and Personal Development

These two disciplines place a strong emphasis on discipline and personal development. Martial artists follow a structured training regimen that cultivates physical strength, agility, and mental resilience. This disciplined approach extends beyond the dojo, influencing the practitioner's daily life and interactions. Combat shooting also demands rigorous discipline, with practitioners dedicating significant time to perfecting their fundamentals and decision-making skills. The discipline acquired through regular practice in both fields fosters qualities such as patience, perseverance, and self-control.

Both combat shooting and martial arts can also be viewed as paths to personal development. Traditional martial arts aim to cultivate qualities such as perseverance, humility, and self-control. Practitioners strive to improve not just their physical skills but their overall character. Combat shooting, particularly in a disciplined and structured environment, fosters similar qualities. The patience required to improve marksmanship skills, the responsibility of handling a firearm, and the mental fortitude developed through practice all contribute to personal growth.

Training & Methodologies - Repetition and Motor Learning

A fundamental aspect of both combat shooting and traditional martial arts is the repetitive practice of techniques to build motor learning or, more commonly, muscle memory. In martial arts, students perform katas (pre-arranged sequences of movements) and drills to internalize techniques until they become second nature. Similarly, shooters engage in dry-fire practice and live-fire drills to develop consistency, speed, and accuracy. This emphasis on repetition not only hones physical skills but also cultivates discipline and patience. There has been some work done by firearms trainer Gabe Suarez in developing ‘katas’ specifically for handguns, which incorporate footwork and weapon manipulation skill development. Suarez also studies traditional martial arts, so this seemed like a natural progression. By repeatedly practicing the fundamentals and other weapon-handling skills, the shooter's ability to perform under pressure is enhanced.

The Instructor - Student Relationship

The relationship between instructor and student is another commonality and is pivotal in both disciplines. In martial arts, the sensei (teacher) plays a crucial role in guiding the student's development, correcting mistakes, and imparting wisdom. This mentorship is based on mutual respect and a shared commitment to mastering the art. In combat shooting, trainers fulfill a similar role, offering feedback, and fostering a disciplined approach to practice. The mentor-student dynamic in both fields highlights the importance of experienced guidance and the continuous pursuit of improvement.

Physical Aspects - Position and Breathing

Proper position and correct, controlled breathing are essential in both combat shooting and martial arts. In shooting, the stability of the stance can impact shot accuracy, and controlled breathing can help calm the shooter. In martial arts, a stable, balanced, and mobile stance is essential for executing techniques with power and precision. Techniques such as deep breathing and the use of "ki" (internal energy) are employed to maintain focus and enhance performance. Similarly, in combat shooting, a stable, balanced position, and correct breathing can be crucial for accuracy. In some cases, shooters may have to control their breathing to steady themselves and reduce the impact of body movement on the firearm. The emphasis on position and breathing in both fields underscores the importance of physical control and stability.

In many karate systems, (i.e., Goju Ryu, Uechi Ryu) proper breathing, balance, and muscle control is ‘tested’ during the performance of kata. In Goju, for example, Seisan Kata is generally considered a basic kata. It is done slowly, controlling the breath and muscle. Oftentimes, instructors will strike, push, etc., a student during the Kata to challenge a student’s concentration and balance. All this is to develop a strong position, breathing, and balance.

Precision & Control

Precision and control are fundamental to the effectiveness of both shooting and martial arts techniques. A martial artist must execute techniques - whether striking, blocking, or grappling - with accuracy and timing to be effective. The ability to control one's movements and apply the appropriate amount of force is essential for success. Similarly, a combat shooter must demonstrate precise control over their weapon - from grip to trigger pull - to strike their target with combat-effective hits. Both practices also require a thorough understanding of body mechanics and the ability to make subtle adjustments to improve performance.

Integration in Modern Practices - Tactical Training

In contemporary settings, the integration of martial arts principles into combat firearms training is increasingly common, especially in tactical and self-defense contexts. Law enforcement and military personnel often train in both hand-to-hand combat, or combatives, and firearms skills, recognizing the complementary nature of these disciplines. Techniques from martial arts can enhance close-quarters combat effectiveness while shooting skills provide a critical range advantage. This integration highlights the practical benefits of combining the physical and mental aspects of both disciplines.

Ethical and Philosophical Dimensions - Code of Conduct

Traditional martial arts are often governed by a code of conduct, such as the Bushido code, which emphasizes virtues like honor, courage, and respect. These ethical guidelines shape the practitioner’s character and behavior both in and out of the dojo. Shooting disciplines, especially those with a military or law enforcement background, also adhere to strict ethical standards. The responsible use of firearms, respect for life, and adherence to laws and safety protocols reflect a similar commitment to ethical conduct. Both fields emphasize the importance of integrity and responsibility. These standards are also shared with legally armed civilians who choose to go armed for self-protection.

Sport and Competition – The Good and the Bad

Like it or not, shooting and martial arts – both fighting arts – have evolved into competitive sports. I came up during the ‘Blood and Guts’ era of competitive karate and believe it was more beneficial to me in the long term than the competition events seen today. So too with shooting. Each discipline has established rules and governing bodies but, as soon as rules are implemented, the overall realism, and in most cases, effectiveness is diminished. High-tier shooting events (i.e., Olympics) and high-level martial arts competitions showcase the high degree of athletic skill and dedication required in each field. While the competitive aspect reinforces the discipline and precision needed to excel, it blurs the lines between gamesmanship and realistic training. However, competitions in both realms do provide a platform for practitioners to test their skills, learn from others, and continue their personal development.

Is Combat Shooting a Martial Art?

In conclusion, while combat shooting and traditional martial arts may appear distinct on the surface, they share numerous commonalities that justify calling combat shooting a martial art. Both disciplines emphasize discipline, precision, mental focus, and ethical conduct. The historical evolution of shooting, its integration with philosophical practices like Zen Buddhism, and its structured training regimens all align with the core principles of traditional martial arts. By recognizing these shared elements, we can appreciate combat shooting as not just a technical skill but a holistic practice that fosters personal and spiritual development. This broader perspective enriches our understanding of both fields and highlights the universal values that underpin all martial endeavors.

References

Herrigel, E. (1999). Zen in the Art of Archery. Vintage Books.
Funakoshi, G. (1975). Karate-Do: My Way of Life. Kodansha International.
Smith, J. (2018). “The Mindset of a Marksman: Parallels between Shooting and Martial Arts.” Journal of Sports Psychology, 45(2), 123-135.
Johnson, R. (2020). “Discipline and Focus: A Comparative Study of Traditional Martial Arts and Shooting Sports.” International Journal of Sports Science, 29(4), 234-250.
International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) - issf-sports.org
World Karate Federation (WKF) - wkf.net

Pistol Malfunctions Due to Weak Magazine Springs

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 16:08:47 Z

Malfunctions are completely avoidable with correct inspection and replacement of worn parts. Inspection is done while cleaning your pistol. Cleaning is done after field stripping your pistol. You, the user, should only be field stripping your pistol. Leave the disassembly of your pistol to a competent gunsmith. Otherwise, you may lose small springs and other parts. In a worst-case scenario, you will incorrectly assemble your pistol, causing the pistol not to function as designed. If you lose a small spring that is part of a safety mechanism, you probably won’t be able to buy a replacement spring. The manufacturer will require you to ship the pistol back to them so they can install the replacement spring. How would I know that?

Type 1 pistol malfunction

A Type 1 pistol malfunction is a failure to fire, which occurs when pressing the trigger makes a click instead of a bang. The solution is immediate action, which means:

Tap the magazine base plate at the bottom of the grip to ensure the magazine is locked into the pistol.
Rack the slide to chamber the next cartridge from the magazine.
Assess the situation. If you were taught Tap-Rack-Bang, that’s just wrong! Never let shooting the pistol become an automatic part of any procedure. The shooting must always be a separate intellectual decision. Otherwise, you will shoot faster than you can think, which always leads to tragic consequences. Shooting on every presentation from your holster to the target is a training scar that will get you into trouble. If you testify at trial that that was how you were trained, it’s not going to go well for you. Because that is obsolete training.

Type 2 pistol malfunction

A Type 2 pistol malfunction is a failure to feed (a cartridge into the chamber), which occurs when pressing the trigger does not cause a click (dead trigger). Immediate action will clear this malfunction. Do not analyze the symptoms to decide what to do. If the pistol does not fire, immediately execute immediate action. If the immediate action does not work, as will be obvious because the slide does not operate properly, you will immediately execute a type 3 malfunction clearing or a reload. A type 3 malfunction clearing will automatically fix an empty magazine problem. So, training yourself to automatically do a type 3 malfunction clearing will cost you a little more time than an emergency (reactive as opposed to a proactive) reload. Training to immediately execute an action is much faster than stopping to analyze. Because conscious thought is much slower than automatic motor programs.

type 3 malfunction

A type 3 malfunction is a failure to extract the spent case from the chamber. The symptom is a dead trigger, as with a type 2 malfunction.

This is not a double feed. Modern semi-auto pistols will not double feed as some semi-auto rifles will. Double feed means that two cartridges have come out of the magazine and the bolt or slide is attempting to insert both into the chamber at once.

A type 3 malfunction is where the extractor claw has not grabbed the rim of the spent case or slipped off the rim of the case, and the slide has moved backward without pulling the case out of the chamber. So, when the slide moves forward under the force of the recoil spring, it attempts to insert a new cartridge into the chamber, but the chamber is already occupied by the previous cartridge’s case.

The solution is:

Lock the slide to the rear. (If you can rip the magazine out of the magazine well without locking the slide to the rear, you don’t have to do this step.)
Eject the magazine. (Discard the magazine, as it may be the problem.)
Rack the slide until the chamber is clear.
Load the pistol.

The following photos are of a Springfield Armory XD in 45 ACP with a 4" barrel. The photos display type 2 malfunctions due to a weak magazine spring.

The cartridge is being driven down into the magazine rather than up into the chamber. Because the magazine spring had not pushed the cartridge up into the correct position against the magazine lips before the slide came forward and started pushing the cartridge forward.

The slide moved forward under the force of the recoil spring but caught the side of the case instead of the rear of the case. The slide was then locked back so you could see what happened. This occurred because the spring had not pushed the cartridge all the way up against the lips of the magazine before the slide came forward. So instead of catching the rear of the shell casing, it caught the side of the shell casing.

Old Springfield Armory spring on left of photo. New Wolff spring on right of photo.

So, why did the magazines work flawlessly in an XD Tactical with a 5" barrel and fail completely in an XD with a 4" barrel?

The longer barrel has a longer slide, which has more mass, and has a single 18.5-pound spring. The shorter barrel has a shorter slide, which is less massive, and has a much stiffer double spring (one spring wound clockwise around another spring wound counterclockwise).

So, the shorter-barreled pistol cycles much faster. The weak magazine springs could not push the cartridge up into the correct position for chambering the cartridge before the slide started moving forward.

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Part 2: Traveling Across, Through, and in "Anti-Gun States"

Thu, 10 Oct 2024 09:36:18 Z

This is the second part of a multi-part series that examines the ins and outs of traveling with a concealed firearm for self-protection. The first part covered travel in states that are not your residence and are gun-friendly. This post will cover travel in anti-gun states; the third part will cover travel via commercial airlines. As always, I begin with my disclaimer that if you have any specific questions, you should consult competent legal counsel licensed in the appropriate state and that this blog entry is not legal advice. I recently heard an incredibly wise firearms trainer and attorney say, "I am an attorney, but I am not your attorney."

I write this avoiding the temptation to rant about the unconstitutionality of firearms laws or the clear lack of Full Faith and Credit for out-of-state concealed carry permits in unfriendly states. (Note: Gun Owners of America filed a suit in February 2024 against the State of New York for failing to honor other states' permits in the same manner that they honor other out-of-state licenses, such as driver's licenses. Constitutional rights don't stop at state lines, but I digress.)

The examples I am using for the purpose of this blog assume you have an Ohio Concealed Handgun License, but the same would be true for your home state's permit and the states that would honor or not honor your state's permit.

The states in red in Fig 1 are the usual anti-gun states that don't recognize an Ohio permit and likely few, or no, other states' permits. Nor do they recognize permitless carry, so it is not legal to carry a firearm in those states without that state's permit.

Before you prepare to travel, it is worth researching the laws of every state that you plan on traveling through. Websites such as www.handgunlaw.us or the most current edition of attorney J. Scott Kappas' book, The Traveler's Guide to the Firearms Laws of the Fifty States, are comprehensive and trustworthy. I suggest reading both sources prior to leaving your home state for a thorough and current examination of the laws ahead of you.

Firearms Owners Protection Act of 1986 ("FOPA")

Federal law, via the Firearms Owners Protection Act of 1986 ("FOPA"), allows you to transport a firearm across state lines through any state, including an anti-gun state, so long as that firearm is legal in both your home state and your destination state.

To be clear, FOPA does not allow concealed or open carry; all it does is give some right to "safe passage," meaning that you’re traveling through a state with no intent to stay for any period of time. To further ensure your safe passage, you MUST unload the firearm, secure it (locked) where it cannot be reached from the passenger compartment, and secure the ammunition in a separate location from the firearm.

The interesting question here is: what exactly qualifies as "passing through a state" under FOPA?

This grows complicated in unfriendly states because the definition of "what is considered traveling through the state" can be interpreted in many different ways. Stopping for food, gas, or a restroom is likely safe. If stopped or involved in any incident where law enforcement may find out that you have a firearm in your vehicle, all bets may be off. An aggressive prosecutor or law enforcement officer may take something legal under FOPA and make your life incredibly miserable. To me, staying overnight at a hotel or a family member's house while passing through is questionably on the line of FOPA protections.

Before Crossing State Lines into Anti-Gun States

My advice to clients and students when driving across an unfriendly state may seem excessive, I know, but hear me out. It's easier to be proactive and avoid the massive problems you may face if you run into an unfriendly law enforcement official. My suggestions are simple: plan ahead before you hit the state line by fueling up, using the restroom, obtaining any food/beverage desired, unloading, separating your firearm and ammo, making both inaccessible from the passenger compartment, and considering making the gun inoperable by disassembling the slide. All should be done before you hit the state line. Do that with the intent of passing through as quickly as possible, with as few stops as possible.

Again, I know I sound paranoid, but I would rather take every step possible to avoid trouble. Several years ago, my wife and I traveled through Pennsylvania to Virginia, requiring a 2-mile jaunt through Maryland. The temptation to just keep traveling with my "friend" on my side was considerable, knowing we'd be in enemy territory for under three minutes but knowing that all it would take would be a traffic accident or a blown tire to end up with a very uncomfortable interaction with the Maryland State Police. Rather than risking fumbling to lock up a gun under time constraints and stress, or worse yet, answering questions about what was on my person, it was just easier to separate and lock it up at a truck stop well north of Maryland.

When traveling across anti-gun states, you must also know those states' laws regarding magazine capacity limits, ammunition restrictions, restrictions on suppressors, and more. For example, when driving through New Jersey, you should beware that the state limits magazines to a maximum 10-round limit. So unless you are transporting hollow point bullets while traveling to or from the range or a hunting trip with a valid permit, it is illegal to possess them. In other words, what may have been legal 50 feet ago in Pennsylvania became a crime the moment you crossed into New Jersey.

Again, my suggestions may sound extreme. I would rather err on the side of taking a few extra minutes, despite my constitutional bullheadedness, to be a law-abiding citizen and not end up in handcuffs. Intent matters, as does perception, and doing everything you can to honor the state's laws while passing through, with FOPA's protections, may go a long way.

Fig. 2 – Photo credit to handgunlaw.us